Analyzing Messages Paper

Analyzing Messages Paper Tony Aron COMM 470 November 22, 2010 Brookie A. Allphin Ph. D. Analyzing Messages Paper The skill to create, send and receive messages requires responsiveness and dialogue by both the sender of the message and the receiver of the message. The sender of the message must be attentive of the climate of the message that has been composed. The receiver of the message must be open to message that’s being sent. Effective communication is crucial when sending a message and receiving a message.How a message is sent affects how the receiver comprehends the intended message. The purpose of message 1 which is listed as appendix A was to inform, to persuade, and to provoke me the receiver to take action. The sender of the message is Mrs. Smith a group sales specialist. The receiver in this message is I. The message is informing me of an upcoming event in which my wife, who owns a daycare center will possibly take her students. The message was also meant to persuade me to act quickly in purchasing tickets. There was not an environment because the message was sent via email.The technology that is being used for this particular message is email. There was no noise with this message internally or externally. The feedback was rather quick and in the form of a follow up question. The message and technology used to convey this message were appropriate give the environment and purpose. The content, media and technology of the feedback were appropriate as well for the purpose and audience. The purpose of message 2 which is listed as appendix B was to inform. The receiver of the message is Mrs. Smith a group sales specialist.The sender in this message is I. The message is me my responding to an email I received about an upcoming event in which my wife, who owns a daycare center will possibly take her students. There was not an environment because the message was sent via email. The technology that is being used for this particular message is email. The re was no noise with this message internally or externally. The feedback was rather quick and in the form of a response to a follow up question. The message and technology used to convey this message were appropriate give the environment and purpose.The content, media and technology of the feedback were appropriate as well for the purpose and audience. The purpose of message 3 which is listed as appendix C was to inform, to persuade, and to provoke me the receiver to take action. The receiver of the message is Mrs. Smith a group sales specialist. The sender in this message is I. The message is informing me of more detailed information of the upcoming event in which my wife, who owns a daycare center, will possibly take her students. The message was also meant to persuade me to act quickly in purchasing tickets.There was not an environment because the message was sent via email. The technology that is being used for this particular message is email. There was no noise with this messa ge internally or externally. There was not any feedback. The message and technology used to convey this message were appropriate give the environment and purpose. The content, media and technology of the feedback were appropriate as well for the purpose and audience. Messages can inform the receiver, be persuasive or provoke the receiver to take action.A message is a type of communication between two or more individuals that expresses the sender’s intended message. When a message is receive, the receiver of the message should completely understand the intended message and uncover the objective of the sender. Appendix A Messages 1 Mrs. Smith to me Show details Oct 19 Hello Tony! Disney on Ice presents Princess Wishes is coming to the Mississippi Coliseum in Jackson, MS from December 9-12, 2010. We have a school show scheduled for Friday, Dec. 10 at 10:30 a. m. and would like to offer your students the opportunity to see this beautiful performance.Enter a world of wishes with y our favorite Disney princesses in Disney on Ice presents Princess Wishes. Tinker Bell represents the magic of Disney, as she whisks you through a collection of enchanting and beloved Disney stories. Join Ariel as she yearns to explore the world above the waves. See Snow White find her one true love. Discover a whole new world with Jasmine. And, watch in wonder as the dreams of Cinderella, Belle, Aurora and Mulan all come true. Be sure to see this magical show where believing is just the beginning! I have attached a flyer for distribution to your staff and students at absolutely no cost to you.Simply distribute the information through e-mail or flyers and they contact me directly to order their tickets. Call now to ensure you, your staff and their families have the very best seats! I look forward to hearing from you soon! Mrs Smith Group Sales Specialist Feld Entertainment, Inc. 3012 US Hwy 301 N, Suite 700 Tampa, FL 33619 1-866-008-0000 x xx [email  protected] com Appendix B Messa ges 2 Joanne I would like to know when will be the last day for us to get the tickets at this price and can we buy all the ticket at one time.Please email me back and let me know. Tony Aron (Kidz First ECC) Appendix C Messages 3 Tony, The last day to order the discounted tickets will be one week before the show. The sooner you place the order, the better seats you will receive, though. Also, I recommend ordering all the tickets you need at one time because there is a single $5. 00 processing fee per order (not per ticket). If you have any more questions, please do not hesitate emailing me or you can call the toll free number on the flyer and speak with Bill, our specialist.

The Yanomamo and the Fierce Anthropologist

The Fierce Anthropologists The controversy revolving the tribe of the Yanomamo and the professionals linked to anthropology has caught the world’s attention. Rapid and unforeseeable events have set the tone for the controversy. The study of these Amazonian Indians, who live in regions of the Venezuela and Brazil border, has turned in western exploitation. Accusations about of unethical anthropologist are abundant, but little facts about such accusations are evident. The grand attention that these events have attained has turned into a focus on larger issues in anthropological practices.By comparing the approach and relationships of other research projects, we can identify just ethical standards. Most of the controversy stems from the publications about the Yanomamo tribe by anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon. His 1968 volume Yanomamo: The Fierce People made the tribe famous due to good writing and extensive interaction with one of the most isolated people on the planet. But ultim ately, the way that he portrayed them–violent and fierce–is what attracted wide audiences.Much of his books and his video productions are centralized around the theme that the Yanomamo have an immutable trait of violence. According to Chagnon, he collected data, interacted with opposing Yanomamo villages, and received testimony to arrive to his findings. His researched was very lucrative; his book sold more than 4 million copies, which is well beyond the average of other ethnographies. He not only gained financial benefits, he began to be praised and attacked by people around the globe. People accused Chagnon of exaggerating the fact that violence is a part of their culture.For instance, French anthropologist Jacques Lizot, who lived with the Yanomamo for more than twenty years, said that violence is periodic; it does not govern their social life for long periods of time. It is worth noting that Lizot was accused of homosexual acts with young Yanomamo and distributing guns. Others, like Kenneth Good, accused Chagnon of sensationalizing violence, which he elaborated in his book, New Yorkers: The Mugging and Murdering People. He explains that just because violence occurs within the Yanomamo, does not mean they should all be generalized as violent.Good also received backlash for his research because he married a young Yanomamo girl, whom he now has three children with. Another compelling argument came from the studies of Brian Ferguson. He identified Chagnon’s representation of violence as a historical situation. He states that there is a spike in violence during contact with Westerners. As it relates to Chagnon, because he brought western manufactured goods, such as steel and iron tools, he disrupted trading relationships, which lead to inter-village violence for the unequal access of those scarce and desired tools.Among all the accusers, journalist Patrick Tierney gave the controversy the most attention. Tierney’s book, Darkness in E l Dorado: How Scientist and Journalist Devastated the Amazon, explored the affects of Yanomamo’s exposure to the outside world. Published in 2000, the book accuses Chagnon of misrepresenting the Yanomamo as fierce people, being responsible for warfare by interrupting trading relationships, staging film scenes, fabricating data, giving unsupported claims of being the first to contact with the Yanomamo, violating Venezuelan law, and overall unethical practices.The next set of accusations involves geneticist James Neel, who joined Chagnon in the fieldwork of the Yanomamo in 1968. He accuses Neel of helping the measles epidemic worsen because he provided outdated vaccines and misadvised the Yanomamo, which resulted in the deaths of thousands. Many of these accusations were prevalent since Chagnon’s work in the 1960’s, but Tierney’s publication brought them together for mainstream audiences. Subsequently, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) was comp elled to launch an investigation on the controversy.After investigating the abundant accusations, the AAA exonerated Neel from worsening or causing the measles epidemic, found insufficient evidence to charge Chagnon with all of Tierney’s accusation, but did find that he did not have the Yanomamo’s best interest in mind. It is undisputed that this controversy is repelling. Even if all of the accusations were false, the mere accusations show that ethical standards were broken. Surprisingly, the controversy does reap some positive consequences; it encourages personnel–within and outside the field–to consider the appropriate standards that anthropologist should be held to.Ethical questions arise, such as: how an anthropologist explains and gains consent from the targeted group, what is just compensation, or the dynamics and limits of ‘doing no harm’ to the subjects. The unbalance of power between the anthropologist from developed societies and th eir isolated subjects is a relationship that needs to be treated with delicacy to avoid exploitation. We can compare the relationship that researcher and filmmaker John Marshall had with the Juhoansi people of the Kalahari Desert for ethical analysis.John Marshall first went to the Kalahari in 1950 and researched the Juhoansi for fifty years thereafter. His relationship with the Juhoansi was one of friendships. He, alike other anthropologist, compensated the Juhoansi for their cooperation with western goods, but he did not stop there. During one of Marshall’s visits, he found the Juhoansi living in government settlements, which provided food relief and low wage jobs, but also inflicted alcohol abuse, domestic violence, and the lack of independence.In the late 1970’s, Marshall began to advocate for more water access and agricultural opportunity from the government. Because there was such a significant interruption to the traditional way of Juhoansi life, desired changes beset different challenges. Marshall justly compensated the Juhoansi and kept their best interest in mind to avoid causing harm to them. The latter characteristic is one that is of greatest importance because harm can come in direct and indirect ways that are temporary or permanent.The American Anthropological Association standard, labeled the ‘do no harm’ rule, is one that anthropologist often have little ability to prevent. At bare minimum, anthropologists almost always interrupt a group’s way of life when doing research and compensating with goods that are scarce to their environments. Interruptions in general, require adjustment and adaption, and when dealing with groups that have customs and traditions that have not changed for possibly hundreds of years, those adjustments are problematic and often prove to be vitally harmful.For instance, Chagnon’s and other Yanomamo researchers brought western goods and weapons into their community, which created a n interruption in trading and likely contributed to their state of warfare. Further, John Marshall also unintentionally created a significant interruption when his tire tracks that he created during his visits facilitated the contact with government entities, which ultimately changed most of the Juhoansi traditional ways of life.The difference between the two examples is that Marshall actually returned and improved their situation by advocating to their interests. Chagnon not only used more coercive techniques in gaining cooperation, there is also no trace of tangible efforts made to improve the harm he contributed to in the Yanomamo community. If the AAA standards were altered to ‘do not harm only while researching’ or compensate for cooperation, little ethical analysis would be needed, but that is not the case. Doing no harm to the group is indefinite and needs to be examined even after research is complete.Additionally, a â€Å"just† amount of compensation mea ns that it needs to be fair, not just in the context of the region researched, but also that of the western entities benefiting from it; i. e. ten machetes given to the Yanomamo for an ethnography research is not equivalent $500k and advancement in the anthropologist respective career. Alike the Yanomamo, the Juhoansi continue to face challenges due to outside interference. However, their interference mostly comes form governmental entities, and the Juhoansi have been assisted by Marshall and treated ethically by other anthropologists, like Richard Lee.On the other hand, the Yanomamo face problems from miners camping in their territories, destruction of the environment by mining and other outside forces, along with other governmental issues, but it is also clear that the Yanomamo have been significantly exploited by the western world. This could be because of the lack of oversight and/or due to little ethical standards. In any case, these unfortunate chain of events should serve a g reater purpose to the ethical standards of practicing anthropologist and aspiring students.

Marketing Management - Assignment 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Management - Assignment 8 - Essay Example Thus, functionality of a product is an element that should never be absent in anything that is sold in the market. This is very evident in a consumer behavior where a customer would immediately ask for a replacement or product service for any damaged or defective produce they have just bought. With this said, functionality is the end all and be all. Though a form of a product would attract people to buy things that may not be necessary, this is just mainly applicable to impulsive buyers. Furthermore, a product with just form without functionality could end up in a sale but not a sustainable relationship with a certain product or brand (Form vs Function: Design, Emotion and Profitability, n.d.). Once customers are not satisfied with a product, they would always immediately look to another brand that would not disappoint. However, there are still products which lack functionality and yet are still in the market because of the few who put aesthetic considerations over functional considerations (Smashing Magazine, n.d.). Pricing is one of the elements that affect a consumer’s purchase behavior. This is because all of us have to prioritize the kind of expenses we make for a limited budget. That is why we are all told to be practical buyers, only getting what we need and to spend within our means. With this said, the question of whether prices should reflect the value that consumers are willing to pay or if prices should primarily just reflect the cost involved in making a product or service comes into picture. In my own opinion, companies should have the right pricing, meaning reflecting the cost involved in making a product or service which translates into fair pricing as opposed to a price that reflects the value that consumers are willing to pay for. This is because the latter poses many issues such as isolating a lot of consumers that belong to the lower income bracket. When

Cohabitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cohabitation - Essay Example The leveling of the divorce rate is covering up the instability in the rising rates of cohabitation that is being passed from generation to generation. Cohabitation outside marriage sociologically changes the formation of the family unit. In a cohabitation arrangement, there is no legal commitment on the part of the spouses in regards to property and long-term child care arrangements. Because it leaves the children at risk, and due to religious and moral values, the act of cohabitation often carries a certain amount of social stigma with it. Yet, research has also shown that couples who cohabitate are significantly more likely to get divorced if the cohabitation progresses into marriage. A study by DeMaris and Rao (1992) concluded that "cohabitors have a higher hazard of dissolution at any given time since marriage. [and] cohabitors are estimated to have a hazard of dissolution that is about 46% higher than for noncohabitors" (p.183). The increased rate of divorce among previously cohabitating couples may be a product of an instability in the relationship from the beginning. According to Bumpass, Sweet, and Cherlin (1991), "About 4 0% of cohabiting unions in the United States break up without the couple getting married, and this tends to occur rather quickly. By about one and one-half years, half of cohabiting couples have either married or broken up" (p.917). Whether the cohabitation arrangement dissolves quickly, or ends in divorce after a later marriage, the prospects for a cohabitating couple are significantly worse than for a couple that marries without ever cohabitating. The rates of divorce and cohabitation have been historically measured by the Census Bureau. According to Fitch, Goeken, and Ruggles (2005), "The acronym POSSLQ-"Persons (or Partners) of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters"-was coined by Census Bureau staff in the late 1970s. POSSLQ households-termed "Unmarried Couple Households" by the Census Bureau-are composed of two unrelated adults of the opposite sex (one of whom is the householder) who share a housing unit with or without the presence of children under 15 years old" (p.2). Divorce rates in theUnited States rose sharply in the period of 1960-1980 followed Chart 1: Source (Schoen & Canudus-Romo) by a leveling off period through the year 2000 (See Chart 1). During this same period, the Percentage of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters rates have continued to rise sharply (See Chart 2). Chart 2: Source (Fitch, Goeken, & Ruggles) An interesting aspect of the divorce and cohabitation rates is that as the cohabitation rate was low and remained steady from 1960-1970, the divorce rate rose sharply. However, during the period of 1975-2005, cohabitation rates have risen dramatically, while the divorce rate has remained steady. From a psychological standpoint, it would seem that a relationship that has transgressed from a cohabitation arrangement to a marriage would have a better chance of success. The partners would be familiar with each other's living habits and the commitment to marriage would be based on a well informed couple. As would be expected, cohabitation has a higher dissolution rate than marriage, but this also extends to the couples who have married and now experience a higher divorce rate. Several studies have confirmed that couples who have

Apple case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Apple case study - Essay Example Part 1. External Analysis The business environment for Apple Incorporated has become so challenging considering that there are important components in it that needs to be understood in detail. PESTEL Analysis In every business environment, government is an essential component for a successful business implementation. Porter believed that the government has important role to play when it comes to the establishment of a harmonious business environment for every business or industry. Thus, there is no wonder why political consideration has always been an important concern in every business situation. In the case of Apple Incorporated, it is crucial with its business to maintain its identity and this is done through intellectual property management for the designs of its product offerings. In line with this, the government always has political power to include in its policy and procedure for handling business situations. It is also in line with this that there is a higher level of associ ation involved with legal concerns. The legality is necessary because it is through this that a business or organisation can successfully implement the right strategy and procedure. The economic recession in the United States which has affected the entire world economy has also created a chain impact on Apple Incorporated’s financial performance. ... In the case of marketing activity, people are socially aware that it is a matter of idea that can substantially influence their buying power. In line with this, Apple Incorporated considers the most important idea that can create social impacts. The cutting-edge technology of Apple Incorporated can substantially compete with the ongoing trend. This is due to the fact that advancement of technology has become tantamount to the level of progress in everywhere. The corporate social responsibility is one of the latest trends in business. This is due to the fact that there is a need to consider the environment. In fact, businesses are highly influenced by the fact that there is a need to be environmentally concerned and not just purely on making profits. Porter’s Five Forces Porter’s five forces model can substantially explain how competitive rivalry between Apple Incorporated and other manufacturing companies in its industry is formed. Samsung, Nokia and other rivals of App le Incorporated have substantially created specific strategic moves in the market. Considering that these companies are also good at creating demand for their product offerings. Apple Incorporated has been faced by issues concerning the design of its offerings. These companies have essentially copied in detail what Apple has viewed to be remarkably important for its customers. These companies have learned the information that customers are looking forward not only on brand quality but reliability issues and utility issues. Thus, customers have strong market power because of increasing models of product offerings. Competition has become so intense which resulted to Apple’s highly differentiated strategy of stimulating needs for

Darwin's Dangerous Idea Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Darwin's Dangerous Idea Discussion - Essay Example Darwin’s evolution theory paved way for the science technology to adopt new approaches to evaluate his ideas. The close match between the human DNA and the DNA of the chimps is a scientific finding that was originally approached as an idea by Darwin. In this sense, Darwin was ahead of his time. Nevertheless, I am skeptical of the idea that things really evolve into something different. I identify the change in the HUV gene with the introduction of medicine in the patient with adaptation rather than evolution since evolution has to induce permanent changes to differ from adaptation. Overall, the video was very informative and educative. I agree that survival in the ever changing environment necessitates evolution for things with DNA. Even human beings have seen this evolution in terms of the variety of races, and features. Likewise, different varieties of the same animal living in different conditions suggest that the bodies have evolved so as to adjust to their environments. For example, same animals in the colder regions are furry whereas those in the warmer areas are not. However, I differ with you on your consideration of the theories of Darwin about the relationship of all living this leading up to this breakthrough as original and unmatched; nearly 50 years before him, Jean-Baptist Lamarck who was a French naturalist had already proposed the idea of occurrence of evolution and had proceeded it according to the laws of nature. Nevertheless, I do acknowledge that his proposal of the natural selection’s idea as a means of working for the evolution was original. Yes, the scientists over the passage of time did feel empowered by Darwin’s theory since it suggested something so inherently attractive to science with complete obliviousness, if not refutation, to what is beyond the reach of the scientific eye. You have captured Darwin’s nervousness and the underlying reasons for it

The problems related to the killing by the Einsatzgruppen Term Paper

The problems related to the killing by the Einsatzgruppen - Term Paper Example An example was police battalion 101 that was charged with extermination of the polish Jewry, and ‘pacifying’ their regions (Goldhagen, 1996, 239). Einsatzgruppen original role is that they often accompanied the military, with instruction to combat anyone behind the frontline, hostile, or bent to sabotage the Reich. However, what they actually did is that they were involved in the deportation, persecution and torture of the Jews in the most despicable manner .In addition, they were often employed in retributive killings whenever Germany lost a soldier in the occupied territory (Goldhagen, 1996, 240). According to Goldhagen (1996, 247) the method employed was shooting their victims in huge trenches, abandoned quarries, ravines and ditches. However, problems developed with this mode of execution. Not all members of these squads were comfortable on the cruelty meted out on their victims. Cold blood executions, especially of women and children were taking a toll on the mental state of the executioners. Some committed suicide, some went mad, and others resulted to massive drinking to combat the memories (Hoss, 1996, 197). For instance, according to Goldhagen (1996, 240), commander of Battalion 101, major Trapp was shaken and wept, following the retributive killing of 200 poles. ... He suffered emotionally and mentally but could not show emotion openly. He became dissatisfied with himself and his main responsibility. This negates the theory advanced by Goldhagen (1996) that all Germans willfully participated in the killing to quench their cruelty and their hate for the Jews. Goldhagen (1996, 246) argues that the Germans wanted to publicly humiliate the Jews, by example shaving their beards which was a symbol of their manhood. Therefore, they deemed their role as that of obeying orders given by Hitler without questioning the morality of the orders. According to Hoss (1996, 161), many people secretly doubted Hitler’s decisions but he could not reveal this. This tally with Browning’s (1995, 99) account, who depicts one Major Trapp as crying the whole day, after he gave an order for the mass killing of innocent Jews. However, according to Goldhagen (1996, 249), all those who participated in the killings could walk away or withdraw from the assignment w ithout any ramifications. In fact, he gives account of an officer who was promoted, even after he had withdrawn from killing assignments. This is contradicted by Browning (1995) adds that those who participated in the killings did not know the specifics of their assignments until it was very late. In fact, Hoss (1996, 163) narrates that after held discussions with Eichmann, realized that there was no escaping the conflict at all. However, according to Borowski (1995, 24) those who participated in the killing viewed themselves to be killing under duress. They were forced to do so. For instance, he narrates a case where an SS officer threatened to shoot him for failure to carry a dead child. In addition, Browning (1996, 29) argues that participation was out of fear of being labeled

Accounting and Audit Enforcement Research Paper

Accounting and Audit Enforcement - Research Paper Example The other common names of the SOX act are Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act or the Corporate and auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act. The SOX act stipulates that the top management of a public company must personally certify the accuracy of the financial information presented to them by the accounting department. This is to ensure that the published results are and fair according to the performance of the company during the fiscal year under scrutiny. In addition to verifying accuracy of financial information, the Act also places severe penalties against any fraudulent financial activities, as well as increasing the independence that external auditors have when they review the corporate financial statements of a company, in addition to increasing the oversight role of the board of directors (Haverkamp, 2009). The SOX act has a number of provisions which industry players, especially companies in the public sector have to adhere as well as abide to. The first element is the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). This independent oversight committee of public firms also provides auditing services. The next option is the independence of the auditor from external influence from either the management or the board of directors. This law also demands that companies fulfill their corporate responsibilities such as ensuring accuracy of corporate financial results. ... There are regulations for these companies to ensure that present a review of their tax-exempt status on every fifth year of their operation. Furthermore, it was necessary for these not-for-profit companies to improve their scope as well as the quality of form 990 and financial statements. In addition, it is mandatory to improve availability of financial records in order to create greater transparency. The SOX act has put considerable pressure on not-for-profit firms, especially those that have sizable budgets to an extent that they are implementing a considerable number of practices that mirror the ones used and implemented by public companies (Rezaee, 2007). The SOX act requires health care institutions to follow the stipulation requiring them to set up an independent audit committee. This committee contains no member of the management and none of them receives any compensation from the company. Smaller organizations have to settle for a finance committee that also tops up as the au dit committee. In addition, the CFO as well as the CEO of these health care institutions has to attest to the accuracy of the financial results and Form 990, and confirm their fairness and completeness. These leaders of the health organization also have to attest to the adequacy of the internal controls of the firm. These organizations also have to make their financial results more accessible by posting them on the ‘Not-For-Profit’ website, as well as adopt and publicize a given code of ethics. The act also demands that the organization adopts the rules regarding transactions with any insider, and these include executive compensations as well as fringe benefits (Straesser, 2009). Mandating SOX requirements for all not-for profit organizations as well as other

Choices for Capital Structure for Firms Undergoing Merger Essay

Choices for Capital Structure for Firms Undergoing Merger - Essay Example The essay "Choices for Capital Structure for Firms Undergoing Merger" discusses the importance given to the propositions made by Modigliani and Miller when there are instances, such as mergers and acquisitions between two companies, which require raising new capital or reshuffling the existing capital structure. The understanding of the propositions presented by Modigliani and Miller reveals that there are four different outcomes which resulted from continuous research conducted in the late 50s and early 60s. At the beginning, Modigliani and Miller presented the first proposition which established that in the presence of certain conditions the choice of the capital structure of a firm, which comprises of proportions of debt and equity, does not have any impact on the overall value of that firm. The next proposition, which is the second one, puts forward the idea that the extent to which a firm leverages its business does not affect the WACC (weighted average cost of capital) of that firm. In other words, this idea proposed that the cost of capital, i.e. the equity based capital, is directly related to a linear function to the capital structure of the firm, i.e. the debt to equity ratio. The third theorem or proposition established that whatever may be the dividend policy of a firm, the market value is not affected by it. Lastly, the fourth proposition holds that the shareholders of a firm are not interested in the financial policies of their firm. Therefore, think of the firm as a gigantic tub of whole milk... The understanding of the propositions presented by Modigliani and Miller (1958) reveals that there are four different outcomes which resulted from continuous research conducted in late 50s and early 60s (Modigliani and Miller 1958, Modigliani and Miller 1963). At the beginning, Modigliani and Miller (1958) presented the first proposition which established that in the presence of certain conditions the choice of the capital structure of a firm, which comprises of proportions of debt and equity, does not have any impact on the overall value of that firm (Villamil 2006, Modigliani and Miller 1958). The next proposition, which is the second one, puts forward the idea that the extent to which a firm leverages its business does not affect the WACC (weighted average cost of capital) of that firm. In other words, this idea proposed that the cost of capital, i.e. the equity based capital, is directly related in a linear function to the capital structure of the firm, i.e. the debt to equity ra tio. The third theorem or proposition established that whatever may be the dividend policy of a firm, the market value is not affected by it. Lastly, the fourth proposition holds that the shareholders of a firm are not interested in the financial policies of their firm (Villamil 2006, Modigliani and Miller 1958). In order to explain the concepts underlying the propositions, Miller (1991) presented a simple example for the purpose of explaining the same. As per Miller (1991), â€Å"Think of the firm as a gigantic tub of whole milk. The farmer can sell the whole milk as it is. Or he can separate out the cream, and sell it at a considerably higher price than the

Organizational Training Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Organizational Training Design - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the training program is conceptualized to introduce key personnel to the rudiments of the customer contact software package (SAM) chosen by the team.   The trial run, scheduled for a single day, would provide preliminary insights into crafting a better program for larger scale integration. In this manner, the trial training will help the firm realize better results while avoiding costly errors that may have been encountered without the trial program. The firm is in the midst of its regular operations. In the financial services industry, the stock market, currencies market, and securities trading are constantly moving. Prices of the traded assets are always being bidded up or sold down in any one trading session, for which reason the brokers, traders, and analysts are always focused on the market. Obviously, training is going to come into direct interference with this. Clients may be called during the course of trading to speak with the ir own traders or analysts (who may be managers), for feedback, advice, or transaction in the markets. If such person were pulled out of the firm’s operations for one day, then customers will find this disconcerting because they have established trust with their usual contact and may not want to transact with others. Prior arrangements and coordination should, therefore, be made with substitute personnel if any, or better yet, arrangements should be made to hold the training during a non-trading day, or possibly broken down to be accommodated into non-trading hours during work days. Depending upon the individual manager’s perspective, he may consider the training as either opportunity, reward or punishment. Employees who are engaged and motivated, and who feel an empathy with the market and the needs of the firm, will only look at the training program as an added opportunity. Training programs, after all, provide the individual worker with added tools by which he could more effectively address his work. In a sense, the trainee-manager may feel that the training program may be a reward. Oftentimes, being in the pilot batch of a program may be construed as an honor, because it is an acknowledgment of the above-average capabilities and skills of the trainee. After all, the best subjects are usually chosen for the trial of a new innovation, to assess the best possible chances for success of the prospective change. Seldom, if ever, will the training program be considered as punishment, but in such case, it may be due to the perceived withdrawal of the trainee from the workplace, affording him less change for output performance for the day in case there is some competitive (as against others) or evaluative (as in chances for promotion or raise) implication of such foregone output. All persons or groups who may have a strong faith in computerization and are convinced that the firm’s sales will be improved by added technology will definitely have an interest in seeing it succeed. Also, those employees who are in touch with market developments and are aware of competitive advantages of their company’s competition will praise and root for the success of the installation, training, and implementation activities with regard to SAM.  

Plato theory of forms Essay Example for Free

Plato theory of forms Essay Plato was a duellist and thus believed that there are two worlds; the material world and the world of ideas/Forms. The world of ideas or Forms is the true reality and the world of appearances is just reflections of world of Forms. Plato believed that our knowledge of the Forms was a priori which means that our souls knew the Forms before it was inside us, therefore we have knowledge prior to experiencing the objects with our senses. Plato believes everyone is born with an intuitive but imperfect understanding of the Forms. He also believes the philosopher is able, through using his intellect, to achieve true knowledge of the abstract Forms without using his senses. Plato’s theory of Forms can be seen as unconvincing to some who believe that abstract ideas e. g table, horse, beauty are actually names that have been invented to help people describe their experiences of the physical world. This is a materialistic view as it suggests that objects in this world are the real reality and our ideas can develop based on experience of things. Aristotle agrees with this and believes knowledge is gained through experience and that there is not an eternal World of Forms that is a priori to us. However, in Plato’s defence some believe that each variety of a Form shares a likeness for example each horse is slightly different yet they all share something that makes it resemble a horse. According to Bertrand Russell, Plato`s theory made a `very important advance in philosophy, since it is the first to emphasise the problem of universals’. Plato’s theory is often regarded as unconvincing due to the fact that Plato believes that every object and idea in the world of appearances is an imperfect copy of an image or Form in the World of Forms. This suggests that there is a perfect Form of things such as a cinema ticket, mud or an insect and so on. According to Bertrand Russell, his ideas of the Forms when taken to its extreme.

How Gender Inequality Is Explained Sociology Essay

How Gender Inequality Is Explained Sociology Essay How has gender inequality been explained? (Answer with reference to a range of theories and approaches) Critically assess the attempt of one of the feminist group to overcome gender inequality. Social stratification A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy (Macionis and Plummer: 2005: 190). Social stratification is common in different aspects throughout society and throughout history some of the most substantial categories affected are class, race, disabilities, sexuality and globally. However this essay shall be investigating the stratification by gender, referred to as gender inequality. There are many reasons for the disparity of gender circumscribed by its underlying social, legal, political, economic, and cultural characteristics (Rives and Yousefi 1997:1). Gender stratification categories people in regard to their sex, this can be defined as anatomical differences and physiological differences between male and female for example the difference in chromosomes, sex organs and hormones. The word gender has been socially constructed through the means of a stereotype and ideology of the social role, identity, position and behaviour of male and feminine through different institutions and aspects like the media, religion, culturally and historically. Up until the era of Suffragettes in the late 19th Century women were always deemed lower than men and inequality was highly significant society it was fundamentally a patriarchal society. The traditional preconceptions were that men were strong, intellectual beings that were the hunter gatherers and providers for their household. Whereas, women were passive objects that would cook, clean, cater for their husbands wants and desires, and doing nothing more than bear and raise children. To the woman he (God) said, I will greatly increase your pain in childbearing; with pain you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for you husband, and he will rule over you. (Genesis 3:16). This interlinks with religion and reiterates traditional and religious view from The Bible. There are a substantial amount of reasons why there is clear gender inequality in society, this essay will assess and show the many theories into the existence of this. Biological determinism is a theory that asserts that males and females appearance, mental and general behaviour and position on the social hierarchy is all in relation to their genetic make-up and genes, the differences between male and females socially is dependant on the fact of them being different sexes alone. The Evolution of Sexes written by Geddes and Thompson shows a generalisation of a biological determinist analysis of gender. They claim that social, psychological and behavioural traits were caused by metabolic state. Women supposedly conserve energy (being anabolic) and this makes them passive, conservative, sluggish, stable and uninterested in politics. Men expend their surplus energy (being katabolic) and this makes them eager, energetic, passionate, variable and, thereby, interested in political and social matters. These biological facts about metabolic states were used not only to explain behavioural differences between women and men but also to justify what our social and political arrangements ought to be. Due to all these factors it is apparent biological determinism theorists that gender stratification is fate, females are meant to be inferior to males and this cannot be fought or changed in society and therefore is highly beneficial. Functionalists would argue that gender stratification is universal and positive for society. A key functionalist thinker Talcott Parsons explained how the differences in the sexes (gender) have provided complementary roles for both male and female (Instrumental and expressive), and how the difference in roles which are biologically based helped traditionally integrate society. He believes that gender differentiation and the understanding of division of labor means social stability. Women labeled expressive by Parson should typically be in control of the family units be the emotional support, take care of the household chores and the security and well being of the children. Opposed to men, labeled instrumental whose role is to connect the family to the larger world primarily by participating in the labour force(Macionis and Plummer 2008:381), work and focus on issues outside of the internal family unit. Parson theorises that gender identity is social, formed through numerous means of social control and is needed for both male and female to gain appropriate skills to succeed in life. The knowledge of these specific skills and understanding of the difference of gender identities to the opposite sex (expressive and instrumental)are in a sense indoctrinated so that, for example if a male is not deemed instrumental he is therefore unattractive and is rejected by the expressive women. This clear distinction of the division in the family unit ensures harmony in the family and thus benefits society on a whole Functionalists view the potential for social disorder only when all of the aspects of traditional gender stratification are disturbed. (Schaefer and Lamm 1998). During the 20th Century there were huge upheavals in the traditional view of women and their roles and the view of a predominately patriarchal society they were living in. Women now wanted to be able to work and have an education, not deemed less able due to biological determinism and be treated equally, which gave birth to a collection of huge movements in sexism and inequality and also different views with in feminism (Liberal, Socialist/Marxist and radical). One point that is evident throughout all the different interpretations of feminism is that women have not been seen as equal throughout the social structure. Liberal feminists do not see womens oppression as part of large system structure but however believes that biological determinism as a source for inequality within the political and justice realm as completely barbaric. There may be some slight procreative differentiation but that should not be any differences in relation to the law, politics, employment or educational institutes, they believed the only way of reformation was through the reform of these institutes. Liberal feminists believe in the rights for every individual woman in society. Socialist/Marxist feminism is adopted through two major writings, Firstly in Engels writing in 1884 The origin of the family, private property and the State and through Marxs conflict theory evident in the Communist Manifesto, which is a struggle between the oppressors (capitalists/ bourgeoisie) and the oppressed (working class) to maintain an equal social structure one needs to overthrow capitalism. Beasley wrote that the base-superstructure model of society, that is, social relations- including those related to sexual inequality- are conceived as crucially shaped by the economic base of society, rather than ideas and attitudes (Beasley 1999:61) Marxist Feminists believed the only way to end this patriarchy was through social revolutions against capitalism for equality. As males dominated the means of production and owned all the property women Engels contended were alienated due to the economic reliance on their husbands. Engels links the modern oppression of women to the instituti on of private property. Correlatively , he argues that the economic system of capitalism draws women into the public workforce and thus sets the conditions for their equality (Carver and Steger 1999:254) The only way women would be able to throw the unfair justice of capitalism would be to be free of marriage, laundry, cooking, childcare and childbirth and reforming the structure of the family. So that women can get full-time jobs through revolting equaling out the inequality in gender. This essay has briefly summarised the main theories and some brief approaches of gender inequality, Radical feminism is similar to that of Marxist feminism but more extreme, it is similar in the aspect of it fundamentally believing that the oppression and control of women is to do with how Capitalism promotes gender exploitation. Women are segregated into a sex class and therefore should stick together. Radical feminists believe that the only way for gender equality is the complete eradication of patriarchal society and any aspect of society that males dominate, this is the only way for female liberation. Radical feminists believe women are oppressed through their ability to reproduce and the sexualisation by men, they should be seen as the enemy. The only way women can free themselves is through any aspect of association with males, this includes not having heterosexual relationships and not producing off spring in order to liberate. Alice Echols and Ellen Willis wrote about radical feminism in their book Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America that Radical feminism was a political movement dedicated to eliminating the sex-class system(Echols and Willis 1989:4) The sex class system also included the sex-role system which sees marriage, family, prostitution, and heterosexuality as repressive. They believed gender inequalities root cause was sexual oppression, women need to gain control over their bodies/biology and relatedly to value and celebrate womens bodies(Beasley, C 1999:55) . This interlinks with a psychoanalytic feminist such as Sigmund Freud where he shows that gender is embedded in language and through sexualisation and thought from the earliest state of childhood. This is through the penis envy theory, this is when girls realise they dont have a penis and from being attached to her mother, finds a stronger attachment to the father. She accepts her inadequacy and subordination in society by accepting her mothers values and containing her craving for her father. According to many theorists Radical feminism is also about generating widespread support for campaigns around issues such as rape, domestic violence and sexual harassment (Dean 2011) as well as the promotion of contraception, sterilization and abortion. The word radical in itself holds factors for criticism; this is an extreme view that has many factors that can be deemed incorrect. You cannot categorise all women into a sex class as there is no substantial evidence that supports the idea of this. How is it possible that all women just because of their biological similarities are the same, and can be generalised so flippantly? It doesnt entail any other aspects such as culture, psychological, class or economic factor in a way of determining gender construction.Radical feminism not only ignores important differences among women but also reproduces exactly the stereotypical vision of women and men (Beckham and DAmico 1994:80) Isnt this exactly what radical feminism is fighting against, the generalisation? Radical feminism ignores legislations like the Equal Pay Act 1970 and The Sexual Discrimination Act 1975 and how politics are constantly changing in regard to sexism and the maltreatment as women as a class. Radical feminism suggests that society should be matriarchal, this would continue the process of gender inequality but just the other way round. Another limitation of radical feminism is that instead of promoting marriage it does the opposite, that women should be rid of all these stereotypical roles, this in a way promotes promiscuity and even unhealthy relationships. Radicalism is damaging to society as a whole because society cannot reach its maximum potential if one group is more domineering than another.

patient health care professional communication

patient health care professional communication Discuss any three factors which must be considered by a HCP to improve health well being of individual support individuals in keeping healthy. This assignment will discuss how health care professionals can help progress patient care improving service user interaction by working effectively within interprofessional teams; demonstrating an understanding in patient behaviour and patient health care professional communication, values that can support patients health and well being. In improving service user interaction particular attention is advised to be paid to body language, the nonverbal communication between patient and health care professional (Martin Friedman 2005; MacDonald, 2004; Dillon, 2007). Dickson et al (1989) concurs that health care professionals would benefit from the use of effective communication in the context of interviewing patients. Sometimes body language portrayed by a patient may conflict with verbal messages; this would indicate they may be trying to facade something (Martin Friedman, 2005). The health care professional should make regular but not intrusive eye contact to show interest, a lack of eye contact can signal a lack of concern, embarrassment or submissiveness which could dissuade the patient from confiding (Myerscough Ford, 1996; MacDonald, 2004). Understanding can be conveyed with a relaxed body posture and appropriate facial expressions (Dickson et al, 1989). Sitting a suitable distance from the patient to allow touch to the patient if this is supportive, may encourage the patient to be more relaxed and open (Myerscough Ford, 1996). A simple gesture such as a handshake at the beginning of a meeting can reassure the patient and have a positive effect on the relationship (Myerscough Ford, 1996; Dickson et al, 1989). The health care professional should maintain enough distance to the patient to avoid interference into each others personal space whilst at the same time acquiring enough space to allow confidentiality (Workman Bennett, 2003; Dillon, 2007). There may be times when it is necessary to move closer to the patient, if a patient is hard of hearing, unable to move or for treatment (Myerscough Ford, 1996; Williams, 1997). To efficiently increase learning skills and improve communication health care professionals could receive and interpret information from patients (Dickson et al, 1989). Patients should be encouraged to have independence by making decisions about their treatment with guidance (Public Guardian, 2009). Clarifying questions can help to receive direct answers, asking too many questions at once may confuse the patient and they tend to only answer the last question asked (Minardi Riley, 1997). Paraphrasing and summarising is an effective way to make clear what is being discussed (Minardi Riley, 1997). Throughout any discussion with the patient the health care professional should respect their confidentiality (Servellen, 2008). Social background should make no difference as to how a patient is dealt with, each person deserves the time, commitment and treatment needed (Townsend et al, 1992). We live in a society with different cultures, genders and class; judgments can hinder relations between patient and health care professionals (Thompson, 2002; Dickson et al, 1989). Patients can often feel they lose individuality and feel their condition is treated and not them as a human being (Taylor, 1997). People with disabilities often feel isolated and frustrated, fear rejection and feel self conscious. Some people are either born with disabilities or have developed them through disease or accident. If a patient has an issue with a problem they have it is important to evade alienating them by ignoring their feelings (Myerscough Ford, 1996). Patients should feel they have enough time to describe any issues they have without feeling uncomfortable, analysed or criticised by the health care worker, who should remain impartial (Myerscough Ford, 1996). Health care professionals should not make assumptions about patients who may have some form of mental disability as this can reflect in the patients on self-esteem (Practice Nurse, 2003b). Showing empathy, not sympathy towards patients is important (Minardi Riley, 1997). Burnard (1992) advises it is wrong to make assumptions about someone just because of the way they dress, their lifestyle or attitude, as these can sometimes be interpreted poorly, health care professionals should reflect about how they came to those ideas and question what that says about them. All health care professionals would benefit from working as a team of interprofessionals to improve patients health care (Burnard, 1992). With numerous occupations in the health care profession it is remarkable how each individual has their own observation and diagnosis of the patient (Soothill et al, 1995). It is important to understand the roles of other health care professions and the responsibilities they face in order to work as a successful team (Thompson, 2002). Servellen (2008) explains coordination and quality of care are paramount and failure in provision can have an unconstructive effect on patients contentment, leading to lack of trust and reluctance to be treated. The use of written correspondence to avoid confusing messages can help improve overall care of patients (Mackay, 1993). Mistakes, such as wrong medication, treatment or food can have unnecessary effects on the patient (Mackay, 1993). Portraying self-awareness increases confidence in the patient and their family, combined with regularity in communication this provides increased trust from the patient (Servellen, 2008). There should be a balance of gentleness and assertiveness (Thompson, 2002). Continuous professional development adds new challenges, it shows the willingness to learn and expand knowledge that keeps motivation within the health care professionals job (Thompson, 2002). Evaluating involvement within the health care profession allows lessons to be learned from a professional and personal level, whilst evaluating practice enables assessment; this is good practice that identifies strengths and possible weaknesses that can be addressed to improve service user interaction, inter-professional working and health behaviour (Thompson, 2002). Reflective practice is a way of making sense of doubt. Learning to deal with situations, sometimes stressful, can be a constructive experience for the health care professional. Situations sometimes need to be hectic in order to learn under pressure. Without learning there is little improvement in the skills of the health care professional. Choices are made by health care professionals every minute of their working day (Ghaye Lillyman, 2000). To deal with health behaviour a health care professional can be the voice of the patient enabling them to express their beliefs, emotions, hopes and worries to find a way of dealing with their feelings, everyone has a voice and they may express their voice in different ways (Ghaye Lillyman, 2000). Values make a person who they are, why they do what they do and why (Ghaye Lillyman, 2000). It is not always an easy task to encourage a patient to change their views. A person may smoke because they believe it relieves stress regardless of the effect on their health (Townsend et al, 1992). All smoking accomplishes is to help a person forget about the stress they have for a short period of time, it then becomes a cycle that is tough to break (Townsend et al, 1992). Finding out why a person smokes and why they enjoy smoking can be of help in understanding any underlying problems the patient may have (Practice Nurse, 2003a). A situation where a person is strong willed in the wrong manner can make the health care professionals responsibility difficult (Lewis et al, 1993). It is important to keep to realistic goals for patients to aid with their motivation and confidence, in comparison, a patients improvement can be deterred by unrealistic goals being set (Thompson, 2002). Significance should be placed to avoid speaking in medical terms to a patient; this could confuse them unnecessarily and cause difficulty in communication (Thompson, 2002; MacDonald, 2004). A full explanation is needed to reassure the patient and clarify information to avoid anguish (Dickson et al, 1989). People in general have different ideas on improving their health. A health care professional can help to encourage a healthier lifestyle and reduce sickness by offering advice and assessing action taken by the patient (Lewis et al, 1993). Helping patients to refrain from suppressing their feelings can avert physiological difficulties; as when someone is tense, they can develop postural problems (Burnard, 1992). Physical stress symptoms may lead to a lack of rest, tiredness, little or no appetite and digestion disturbance, psychological stress affects the mind of patients and can lead to apprehension enthusiasm (Dillon, 2007; Practice Nurse, 2003a). Increased levels of stress in a patient of Ill health can reduce their ability to cope with everyday life lacking in enthusiasm (Dillon, 2007; Practice Nurse, 2003a). Burnard (1992) confers how it is important as health care professionals to recognise this, although this is not always easy to spot. As we gain knowledge we better understand there is a connection linking body posture, the muscles, joints and the mind, a relaxed mind would encourage a relaxed body. This essay has argued that patient care and well being can be improved through the implementation of good all round verbal and nonverbal communication without prejudice or discrimination (MacDonald, 1997; Dillon, 2007). Sometimes patients just need to be asked how their poor health affects them and the quality of their life (Baker, 2000). Engaging with other people enables interaction and understanding in communicating with people. Excellent communication and information given to patients is essential to patient care, organisation, well being and recovery (Taylor, 1997; Dickson et al, 1989; Martin Friedman, 2005). Health professionals play a significant part to ensuring good working practice and job satisfaction (Thompson, 2002). References (2003a) Smoking cessation. Practice Nurse, 26: 7, 52-56. (2003b) What is Stigma, Practice Nurse, 26: 10, 18-19. Baker, M. (2000) Modernising NHS, patient care (empowerment): the view from a national society, accessed 10th November 2009, 6.10pm, http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/320/7250/1660. Burnard, P. (1992) Effective communication skills for health professionals, Chapman Hall, London. Dickson, D.A., Hargie, O., Morrow, N.C. (1989) Communication skills training for health professionals, Chapman Hall, London. Dillon, P.M. (2007) Nursing health assessment; A critical thinking, case studies approach. 2nd Ed. F.A. Davies Company, Philadelphia. Ghaye, T., Lillyman, S. (2000) Reflection: Principles and practise for health care professionals, Quay Books, Wiltshire. Lewis, L.V.W., Timby, B. K., Frawley, B. (1993) Fundamental skills and concepts in patient care, 5th Ed, Chapman Hall, London. MacDonald, E. (Ed.) (2004) Difficult conversations in medicine, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Mackay, L. (1993) Conflicts in care: medicine and nursing, Chapman Hall, London. Martin, L.R., Friedman, H.S. (2005) ‘Nonverbal Communications and Health Care, In: Riggio, R.E., Feldman, R.S. (Eds.) Applications of nonverbal communication, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc., London. pp.3-16. Minardi, H.A., Riley, M.J. (1997) Communication in health care: a skills based approach, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston. Myerscough, P., Ford, M. (1996) Talking with patients, keys to good communication, 3rd Ed, Oxford University Press Inc, Oxford. Office of the Public Guardian (2009) The code of Practice, accessed 7th November 2009, 5.18pm http://www.publicguardian.gov.uk/docs/mca-code-parctice-0509.pdf Servellen, G.M.V. (2008) Communication skills for the health care professional; concept, practice and evidence, 2nd Ed, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, London. Soothill, K., Mackay, L., Webb, C. (Eds.) (1995) Interprofessional relations in health care, Edward Arnold, London. Taylor, S., Field, D. (Eds.) (1997) Sociology of health and health care, 2nd Ed, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford. Thompson, N. (2002) People skills, 2nd Ed. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke. Townsend, P., Whitehead, M., Davidson, N. (Eds.) (1992) Inequalities in health: the black report the health divide, 2nd Ed. Penguin Books Ltd, London. Williams, D. (1997) Communication skills in practice: A practical guide for health professionals, Jessica Kingsley, London. Workman, B.A., Bennett, C.L. (2003) Key Nursing Skills, Whurr Publishers Ltd, London.

The Impact Of Televison On Behavior :: essays research papers

The Impact Of Televison On Behavior (Violence in television programs and movies and its impact on children and families is not a new topic. Almost 30 years ago the U.S. Surgeon General warned Americans about the negative effect of television have on the emotions and behaviours of children.) I just want to continue viewing our standpoints regarding the negative effect it has on society Talkshows "Husband Sees Prostitute," "Mistress Meets Wife," "Girl Sleeps with Over 100 Men," "My Girlfriend is a Guy," "Teenage Prostitution," "Maid-of-Honor Slept with Girl One Week Before Wedding," Commonly Jerry Springer topics! Why are people fascinated with such topics? What says it of our society? The biggest problem is that the behaviours are depicted are common, sensible, and, perhaps, even worth copying. Approximately six percent of daytime talk show viewers are under 11. Shows like Springer's according to a New York Times journalist cause violence in society and argued that the source of the problem lies in the insatiable lust of the audience for more and more gory violence. The only way to stop violence on television---either on the news or on Springer-type shows--is to cut the demand for it, thereby removing the profit. Television news, due primarily to its obsession with crime and violence, definitely has a negative impact upon our society. TV news broadcasts use dramatic, usually violent stories and images to capture and maintain an audience, under the pretence of keeping it informed. This overabundance of crime and violence on TV news inflate the public's fears for personal safety. People, for the most part, believe that TV news is an accurate reflection of reality. They become frightened of the cities they live in, and fear that criminals will harm them or their loved ones. Graphic coverage of wars, bombings, murders and natural disasters can quite possibly lead to nightmares or even depression. Research tells us the following about children and television: †¢ School-age children watch an average of 28 hours of television per week. †¢ Children are influenced by advertisements. They want what they see. †¢ Over 50 percent of children have a TV in their bedroom. †¢ Children who watch a lot of TV are more overweight than other children. †¢ Children under 2 years old: no TV (or other media, such as computers or videos) †¢ Children over 2 years old: maximum of 1 to 2 hours of TV (and other media) per day According to experts, children who watch too much TV tend to be less interested in physical activity, often develop verbal skills more slowly and tend to be less confident in social situations.

The Battle Of Midway Essay -- American History

The Battle of Midway On June 3rd, 1942, the United States declared war on Imperialistic Japan and Nazi Germany. Due to the bombing of the United States' naval base at Pearl Harbor by the Japanese the U.S. was forced to take action. The United States began their first naval battle near the Midway islands in defense of its pacific fleet and positioning. Midway was the Japanese' last goal for its western expansion in the Pacific. Just after midnight on June 4th,1942, the United States attacked a fleet of Japanese transport ships. One American torpedo plane took out fleet tanker "Akabono Maru". Later that morning at about 6:30am, Japanese planes began bombing midway island installations, though causing minimal damage to the U.S. naval base. Between 9:30am and 10:30am the U.S. took out Japanese aircraft carrier's "Kaga, Akagi, and Soryu". During the battle the Japanese recovered three U.S. naval aviators. But after interrogating these men, the Japanese murdered them. On June 5th, 1942, a battleship, under the command of Rear Admiral Spruance, pursued the Japanese fleet westward leaving salvage workers to repair the U.S. aircraft carrier "Yorktown"(which was damaged a day earlier by a Japanese submarine torpedo). The last of the air attacks of the battle took place on June 6th, 1942, with the United States beginning to emerge victorious with the sinking of 2 destroyers, 1 heavy cruiser, and 1 cruiser. Meanwhile a Japanese submarine torpedoed aircraft carrier "Yorktown" and the destroyer "USS Hammann", though it took a day for the carrier to turn over and sink. The Japanese submarine escaped with-out destruction soon after the torpedoing. (Naval Historical Center, Battle of Midway:4-7 June 1942, Department of the Navy... ...he U.S. complete control over the Pacific Ocean. This defeat also gave the Allies an absolute victory over Japan and the remaining Axis powers. The infamous Battle of Midway officially ended on June 7th 1942. Works Cited Baikie, Eric. Ngo, Kevin. Collins, McKenzie. "Major Battles of WWII". Viking Press. January 2002. Bruce, George "Sea Battles of the 20th Century", Stopping the Tide: the Battle of Midway 4th - 7th 1942, Department of the Navy, May 1990 Cressman, Robert, J. "No End Save Victory", Naval Historical Center, June 1998 Dingman, Roger, The origins of naval arms limitation,"Power In The Pacific", Naval Institute Press, 1998. Naval Historical Center, "Battle of Midway: 4th -7th June 1942, Department of the Navy. June, 30, 2003. Naval Historical Center, "Preparation For Battle" Department of the Navy, April 1999

Herois Tradition throughout British Literature :: essays papers

Herois Tradition throughout British Literature Throughout British Literature, there are many instances of heroism. To be considered a hero by others in the time period of 449 to 1625, you must be, â€Å"noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose: especially, one who has risked or sacrificed his life† (Morris 618). Four characters in British Literature that portray heroic traits are Beowulf, Sir Gawain, Macbeth, and the Knight of The Canterbury Tales. Beowulf shows himself worthy of the title of being a hero when he leaves his country to help a neighboring country, Denmark and rid them of the long lasting fear of a malicious monster known as Grendel. Sir Gawain is considered a hero by many because of his loyalty to King Arthur. He even risks his life so that King Arthur would live and participates in the Green Knights challenge. Although Macbeth has got a few more faults than other heroes have in British Literature, his name is still synonymous with â€Å"hero†. Aristotle says â€Å"the tragic hero has to fa ll from grace †¦ after being on top† (Chui 1). Before the three witches tell Macbeth the false prophecies, Macbeth is in held is high accord, yet afterwards, his ambition tears him down and he does anything it takes gain the role of King. The Knight, from The Canterbury Tales, excels beyond all others when it comes to being a hero. He is the most loyal and is admired by the other characters for his courage, bravery in battle and his exploits in war. He is on a religious pilgrimage not to make money or any other avaricious deed that the other characters are on the pilgrimage for, he is on the pilgrimage to worship God, which is also honored by his peers as being heroic. All four characters mentioned have heroic traits and they all are considered heroes. Although they might gain their title in different ways and for the wrong reasons, they are truly heroes. In British Literature, many stories have been influenced by the heroic traditions of their time period. The characters , although in different stories, all portray the heroic tradition in British Literature. The character Beowulf, â€Å"a man of great strength and bravery† (Magill 388), is a hero in the way he defends his neighboring country, Denmark. When the word that a hostile creature, known as Grendel, was killing tons in Denmark, Beowulf set sail to help defend the people and rid them of the hideous monster.

Trump

They homeless believe they hold the trump card of experience in the matter and believe that from their time as parents which included raising four children that they are certain spankings do not affect children in that way because their own children experienced spanking and they saw first-hand that it would cause their kids to behave better. Their logic however shows serious flaws that can be explained. Mom and Pop have a pet belief from their personal experience on this issue and their argument shows signs of confirmation bias. On Instance of this confirmation blast Is an example of a biased search.Meaning that they only searched through their own memories for cases of spankings and came to the conclusion that their children behaved better after spankings and our productive members of society so the spankings could not have had negative effects. This however is biased because only using the example of four children who grew up in the same social setting is not representative of the general population and is therefore an invalid argument. Mom and Pop now understand that their argument did not include enough data to be used as a valid argument however are not ready to totally switch sides on the matter.They ask for a report on the argument made by the study and want to know about the validity of Its findings. Upon reading the piece It becomes apparent that It too does not give everything needed to be a valid argument. It withholds the vital Information of how It went about collecting Its results. You explain to Mom and Pop that in order for such a study to be taken seriously it must explain how it received the findings that it did. They learn that much like their own downfall it is very possible that the test was done with a sample size so small that it cannot be considered representative of the people.Another issue that is once again similar to an issue of Mom and Pops argument is that of outside factors such as location, age, gender, and any other possible inf luencing factors. Finally you explain to them what data must be available in order for it to be used as evidence in a valid argument and that is the test population size, must be large enough group that it can be considered representative, and who was tested, must either be done at random (preferred) or the two groups must be matched on confounding factors so that no other outside Influences can affect the results enough to alter any findings.Mom and Pop left feeling satisfied that they now understood what was wrong with their logic and how to better their use of evidence in arguments. 2. In this situation Pat is dealing with a altering decision he is about to make so he wants to look carefully into every aspect of his decision. When breaking down his reasons he would like to carefully examine each reason. The first reason for not changing majors is that all his life Pat and his parents wanted him to be a doctor. For this instance Pat is dealing with the reputation cost of his choic e.All his life Pat has wanted to be a doctor and walking UT on that idea now may disappoint his parents. Despite his belief that they will still support him the reputation cost will take its toll. While this should be factored in by Pat it is not the most important factor. The next issue becomes the amount already invested into studying biology. Time spent studying, energy spent doing assignments, and money spent on classes. All of these investments came directly from Pats hard work and to change majors would be to throw it all away.One may think that all of these factors should be included in making such a large decision but reprovingly they are all irrelevant in the decision. This is a case of sunk costs, meaning that all of the time, money, energy, and anything else that Pat has invested into studying biology is already gone. Regardless of the decision that Pat makes on his major nothing in the past will change. Pat should be purely focusing on the future and how this decision wi ll affect that as opposed to dwelling on what has happened in the past. This leads us to our final point and this one is the most important for Pat. This notion is that of opportunity cost.To find the opportunity cost an individual must look at the options and determine which one holds the highest expected benefit. Pat is doing well in biology however is not loving the subject and does not see it as a viable career option. When it comes to physics Pat has really enjoyed the classes so far yet is unsure as to whether he will continue to be as enthusiastic about the subject. Only Pat can make his own decision and the best way to go about that is by thinking about which of the two options will yield a higher expected benefit for him in the future and pick whichever he believes is his best option.

Management and Entrepreneurship Development

National Institute for Small Industries Extension Training (NISIET) Training Institutions / Centres India National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet) (An organisation of the Ministry of SSI, Govt. of India) Yousufguda, HYDERABAD- 500 045 (INDIA) Phone: +91-40-23608544-218 / 23608316-217 Fax: +91-40-23608547 / 23608956 / 23541260 Cable: SIETINSTITUTE, Hyderabad Website: www. nisiet. org | www. nisiet. gov. in | www. nisiet. com Welcome to ni-msme Golden Jubilee Year 2012 50 Years in Service of MSME (1962- 2012) Shri Vayalar Ravi Honorable Minister i-msme, since its inception in 1960 by the Government of India, has taken gigantic strides to become the premier institution for the promotion, development and modernization of the SME sector. An autonomous arm of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), the Institute strives to achieve its avowed objectives through a gamut of operations ranging from training, consultancy, research and education, to e xtension and information services. A Centre of Excellence It was in 1984 that the UNIDO had recognized SIET as an institute of meritorious performance under its Centres of Excellence Scheme to extend aid.Subsequently, it was also accorded national status and SIET Institute became nisiet in the same year. To cope with the precut of globalization, the Government of India has enacted Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Bill in the Parliament which was commenced on 2nd October 2006. Accordingly, the institute also has emerged as an apex organisation by changing its structure as well as name as ni-msme from 11th April 2007. Our Charter The primary objective was to be the trainer of trainers. Today, with the technological development and ever-changing market scenario, our involvement has undergone changes too.From being merely trainers we have widened our scope of activities to consultancy, research, extension and information services. The arrival of IT has only broadened our horizons. The Leap Forward †¢ Dramatic increase in long-term and diploma programmes. †¢Turning new corners in Information Technology. †¢Spotlighting of topical issues through conferences, seminars, etc. †¢Greater attention to need based programmes. †¢Shift towards client driven approach and innovative interventions. †¢Programme evaluation. †¢Emphasis on research publications.SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management, Extension) Journal SEDME Journal breathed its first in 1974, when the academic community of the institute felt the need for a forum through which they could express and exchange their thoughts and opinions on small enterprise related policies, programmes, etc. Since then, it has evolved into a healthy journal of acknowledged quality in the domain of small enterprise, attracting contributors and users not only from every corner of the country but also from other developing as well as developed countries.SEDME Journal has bee n bringing out exclusive theme focussed numbers (IPR, EDP, Rural Industrialisation, Finance, etc. ) and is widely sought after by researchers, practitioners and promotional bodies concerned with small enterprise one way or the other. The editorial team of Journal take pride in stating that during the massive quarter century of the Journal’s existence, it has been a sui generis journal dedicated to small enterprise, and continues to maintain that premier position. The annual inland subscription for Journal is Rs. 600 and the overseas subscription is US $ 150.In case of desiring airmail or speed post delivery, US $ 20 may be added. For further information regarding Journal, please contact: Editor SEDME Journal, ni-msme. Yousufguda. Hyderabad 500045, India. Editor : V Vishwas Rao Annual subscription : Rs. 600 (India), US $ 150 (Foreign) Contributors Contributors to SEDME Journal include policy makers, researchers, academicians, financiers, executives and other officials associat ed with MSME promotional activities. A random selection from the back volumes would show contributors from countries as far apart as Bangladessh, Canada, Korea, UK and Iran.Contributors interested in publishing their articles in SEDME Journal may please note the following 1. Please ensure that the articles are analytically perceptive or empirically elucidative, at least 2000 words in length, typed in double space on one side only, and are sent in duplicate. 2. In cases where the article is sent in a floppy disk or through e-mail, please ensure that the article comes through as a file attachment in Microsoft Word, that the file name(s) are given for all parts of the article, and one hard copy is sent through regular mail. . Please check that the sources are clearly cited for all the ideas, concepts, graphics and other information, and that the citations are complete in all respects. This helps avoid processing delays. 4. Please enclose a declaration stating that the article is your o riginal effort prepared for SEDME Journal and has not been published or pending publication in any other periodical/newspaper/magazine, etc. , signed by all the authors. 5. The copyright of the selected articles shall rest with SEDME Journal. 6.Articles which are sent for theme specials, and not included therein, may be published later, in due course. Forging Ahead Over the years the Institute has gained immense experience and expertise in the areas of entrepreneurship development, technology, management, extension and information services. ni-msme’s inherent capacity to innovate together with its top-class infrastructure has enabled the institute to excel in its endeavours towards micro and small enterprise promotion. From the time of inception, ni-msme has been providing unstintied support to small and medium ndustries and has evolved to be the best in offering services like research, consultancy, information, training and extension to not only enterprises but also to conce rned development agencies. The knowledge driven and volatile economy of the present days is posing greater challenges to MSMEs. Further, globalisation is threatening the survival of MSMEs in the face of tough competition. ni-msme has always been conceiving specialised need-based programmes, workshops and seminars in tune with the changing policy and economic situation.These activities have been primarily aimed at the industry and supporting systems so as to enable them to deal with aspects that directly or indirectly affect the success of enterprise. In the present era of globalisation, ni-msme’s programmes are designed to have universal relevance. Through these specialised programmes, ni-msmehas been successfully training the entrepreneurs to face challenges; help them cope with competition; and gain the much-needed competitive edge in the global scenario. ni-msme has broken geographical barriers by extending its expertise and services to other developing and developed natio ns. i-msme has had profitable interface with several international agencies like CFTC (Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation), UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation), UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), Ford Foundation, GTZ of Germany, USAID (United States Agency for International Development), and ILO (International Labour Organisation), to name a few. Achievements Spectrum †¢Conducted a Pioneering Research Study in Achievement Motivation in association with Prof. David McClelland’s Kakinada Experiment (1964). Organised the First Executive Laboratory in India (1964) . †¢Conducted the First International Training Programme in SME Development (1967). †¢Developed the Concept of Appropriate Technologies in Indian Industry (1969). †¢Established a Specialised Information Centre, the Small Enterprises National Documentation Centre (SENDOC) (1971). †¢Assisted The Tanzanian Government in Establishing a SIDO (1 974). †¢Established a Branch Regional Centre at Guwahati (1979). †¢Attained National Status and Renamed as National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet) (1984). Prepared Case Studies and Video Documentaries on S&T Entreprenuers (1986). †¢Developed The First Computerised Software Package on Simulation Exercises for Small Industry Management (SIMSIM) (1987); Project Appraisal and Evaluation (CAPE) (1996). †¢UNESCO Chair (1997). †¢Achieved Self – sufficiency (2001-02). †¢B2B Transactions with Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, Bhutan, Nigeria, Sudan, Cameroon and Ghana (2000 – 2007). †¢National workshop on MSME Cluster Development conducted in New Delhi (2008). †¢International Programmes for Bank of Ghana (2006-08); All-time record of 28 international Executive Development Programmes, 5 of them specially for African countries (2007-08) †¢Outreach programme for African women executives as a fore-runner to India-Af rica Forum Summit (2008) †¢International Programmes for Bangladesh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) (2008-09) Organisation Spectrum Functional Spectrum Pioneer Training Programmes ni-msme has initiated several specialised and tailor-made training programmes, the first of their kind in the cream of MSME. A few of them are †¢Management Development Programmes. †¢Programme on Area Development. †¢Programme on Feasibility Survey and Analysis. Programme on Industrial Estates. †¢Programme for Young Engineers and Technocrats. †¢Vertically Integrated Course on Orientation through Small Industry Development for IAS / IES Officers. †¢Effective Development Programmes for Rationalised Employees of State and Central PSUs. †¢Exclusive Programmes for International Executives of Various Themes on Regular Basis. †¢Enterprise Development and Government Effectiveness (EDGE) Programme for Srilankan Administrative Officials. †¢Sensitivity Tra ining in Production Planning and Control. †¢Faculty Development Programmes. †¢Programmes on Cluster Development. †¢Programmes on Cluster Development. Programmes on Focused Themes for Executives of North E Outstanding Research and Consultancy Studies ni-msme has been instrumental in conducting several outstanding research / consultancy studies that include. †¢Development of Pochampad Region (1972). †¢Identification of Growth Centres in Vidharbha Region (1973). †¢Industrial Potential Studies of Different Regions in the Country (since 1974). †¢Impact / Evaluation Studies on Major Government Programmes and Schemes such as TYRSEM, DWCRA, PMRY, SEEUY, CMEY, ADARANA, IIDs, SHGs, WDCs, Development Commissioner (Handlooms), Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), and NBCFDC. Policy Research Studies (since 1978). †¢Preparation of Check-list for Diagnosis of Sick Units and Case Studies (from 1981). †¢District Development and Regional Planning Studie s. †¢Techno-economic Feasibility Studies in Textiles and Handicrafts Sector of Arunachal Pradesh (2001). †¢Study on Identification of Projects for Specific Resource Base in Northeastern Region (2003). †¢Vision Document for Empowering Women in Mauritius (2003). †¢Project Profiles on SMEs for Mauritius (2004). †¢Information Requirements of SMEs (2005). †¢Hand-holding, Monitoring, Implementation of MSME Clusters (2004-07). Hand-holding of SFURTI, Handlooms, Handicrafts Clusters (2006 onwards). †¢Evaluation Study of Ongoing Schemes of NBCFDC in the State of Tamilnadu (2008) †¢Evaluation of NBCFDC Schemes in the Union Territory of Puducherry, Goa and Kerala (2009-10) †¢Evaluation of the Functioning of Innovative and Experimental Programmes on Schools run by Bhagavatula Charitable Trust (BCT) under Rajiv Vidhya Mission, Andhra Pradesh in Visakhapatnam District (2009-10) †¢Evaluation Study for Bringing More Effectiveness in Implementation o f the Schemes under AHVY sponsored by the Office of Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Ministry of Textiles, Govt. f India, New Delhi (2009-10) †¢Preparation of Training Modules for Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Govt. of India (2009-10) †¢Execution of Research Studies Sponsored by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Govt. of India (2009-10) Excellence Our Forte ni-msme has made many memorable contributions to enterprise development both nationally and internationally. MSMEs and executives from all over the world have been taking the advantage of the programmes, workshops and seminars on contemporary themes organised at ni-msme.Some of the Institutes cornerstone interventions like the first international programme (1967) conducted with assistance from UNIDO; Simulation Exercises for Small Industry Management (SIMSIM) (1987); the UNESCO Chair(1997) International Workshop in Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (PROSME) (1998); Ex port Production Villages (1999); Trade Related Development Programme for Women (TREAD) (2000); Entrepreneurship Development in the New Millennium (2001); Training of Mothers of Child Labour in Income Generation Skills Under Child Labour Eradication Project by ILO (2001); B2B Transactions with Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, Bhutan, Nigeria , Sudan, Ghana, reflect the national and international acclaim. nimsme has gained through its excellence and commitment, by blending the best of the traditional with the smart, modern day techniques, world-class facilities and continuously exploring and inventing custom-based methodologies. ni-msme is not a mere solutions provider but is evolving as a value-added partner. The infrastructure and facilities at the ni-msme campus are at par with international standards.They reflect the natural excellence that qualifies every activity and attribute of the Institute. ni-msme has embraced technology in all its functions to keep pace with the tenor of the times and to make its services more efficient. State-of-the-art facilities, pleasant environs, proven methodologies supported by modern academic infrastructure, experienced faculty, expert consultants and resource persons and above all, decades of experience complemented by a modern and creative outlook, have given a new definition to the standard of services provided by the Institute. It is now recognised as being among the best training, research and extension facilities in the world. Members of Governing Council S. No. Name and Address Hon’ble Minister of MSME Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Chairman 2Secretary to the Government of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Vice-Chairman 3Additional Secretary & Development Commissioner (MSME) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India, Nirman Bhavan, Moulana Azad Road, New Delhi 110 011Member 4Additional Secretary & F inancial Adviser, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 5Joint Secretary (Administration) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of IndiaUdyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 6Joint Secretary (Agro & Rural Industries) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 7Chairman, Coir Board Coir House, M. G. Road Ernakulam, Kochi – 682 016, KeralaMember 8Chairman & Managing Director Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) SIDBI Tower, 15, Ashok Marg, Lucknow – 226001Member 9Chief Executive Officer Khadi & Village Industries Commission Gramodaya, 3, Irla Road, Vile Parle (West) Mumbai 400 056Member 10Chairman and Managing Director The National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) NSIC Bhawan, Okhla Industrial Estate New Delhi – 110 020Member 1Director Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (Via Ahmedabad Airport & Indira Bridge) P. O. Bhat 382 428, Dist. Gandhinagar, GujaratMember 12The Director General In-chargeNational Institute of Micro, small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) Yousufguda, Hyderabad – 500 045Member-Secretary Members of Executive Committee S. No. Name and Address 1Secretary to the Government of IndiaMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Chairman 2Additional Secretary & Development Commissioner (MSME)Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Nirman Bhavan, Moulana Azad RoadNew Delhi 110 011Vice-Chairman 3Additional Secretary & Financial AdviserMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 4Joint Secretary to the Government of IndiaMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 5Joint Secretary (Agro & Rural Industries)Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Ente rprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 6The Director General In-charge National Institute of Micro, small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) Yousufguda, Hyderabad – 500 045Member-Secretary Our Clientele International Organizations UNESCO †¢UNDP †¢Ford Foundation †¢GTZ †¢USAID †¢UNIDO †¢ILO †¢RITES †¢BSIC †¢CFTC †¢Agricultural Development Projects of Nigera †¢SIDO of Tanzania †¢Bank of Ghana, ARB Apex Central Government Ministries/ Departments Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises †¢DC (MSME) †¢KVIC †¢Coir Board †¢NSIC Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises †¢Department of Public Enterprises Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region †¢DONER †¢North Eastern Council †¢North East Development Finance Corporation †¢North East Handicrafts and Handlooms Development Corporation Ministry of Food Processing Industries Ministry of External Affairs Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs Ministry of Labour and Employment †¢Directorate General of Employment & Training (DGET) Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions †¢Department of Personnel and Training Ministry of Science and Technology †¢Department of Science and Technology †¢Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) †¢National S&T Entrepreneurship Development Board Ministry of Textiles †¢DC (Handlooms) †¢DC (Handicrafts) Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation †¢Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission †¢Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana(SJSRY) Ministry of Rural Development †¢Department of Rural Development DRDA/ZPs Ministry of Defence †¢Directorate General of Quality Assurance †¢Directorate of Planning and Coordination †¢Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment †¢National Backward Classes Finan ce and Development Corporation (NBCFDC) †¢National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (NSCFDC) Ministry of Women and Child Development †¢Department of Women and Child Development Ministry of Commerce and Industry †¢Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion †¢Department of Commerce †¢Directorate General of Foreign Trade Ministry of Planning †¢Planning Commission Ministry of Environment & Forests †¢Ozone cellMinistry of Statistics and Programme Implementation †¢MPLAD School of Enterprise Development (SED) It is one of the former scholastic/intellectual departments of ni-msme, continued with additional responsibilities in the globalised market environment. MSME development generally refers to facilitating progress in the economy and generation of employment by enhancing business development services, and establishing a conducive legal, regulatory and policy environment. In this context, the School of Enterprise Development [ SED] acts as a catalyst for dynamic, integrated change in Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) sector, looking strategically and optimistically towards the future challenges.The activities of the SED include programme evaluation studies, research projects, feasibility studies, potential surveys, rural enterprise promotion, backward area development, infrastructure development programme and project implementation for central and state governments, that advances an innovative and enterprise growth in the global and national scenario. On the international front, the SED provides a bridge between theory and practice of small business and MSE development by guiding/training the executives of MSME in formulation, development, implementation and evaluation of various facets of enterprise policy, with a focus to make the MSE sector more competitive in the global economic scene.Besides imparting training to the officials, the experienced and well-known faculty of the school focus on economic sur veys in the nature of diagnosing the industrial potential, networking with national and international agencies, and other research studies pertaining to government programmes /schemes and impact studies. The School of Enterprise Development functions through Centre for Enterprise Planning and Development (C-EPD), Centre for Policy Research (C-PR), National Resource Centre for Cluster Development (NRCD), ni-msme NGO Network (N-Cube) and Economic Investigation and Statistical Cell (EISC) in the areas of Cluster development, Employment Generation, and establishing synergy with related departments, which of late became the centres of excellence through focused attention for holistic development.School of Entrepreneurship and Extension (SEE) The school of Entrepreneurship and Extension is one of the crucial and premier wings of ni-msme. The main focus of the school is on training the Industrial Promotion Officers and Extension Officers on the entire gamut of entrepreneurship development. The greatest achievement of the school is the world famous Kakinada Experiment on Achievement Motivation conducted under the guidance of Prof. McClelland from Harvard University. The school also has the credit of developing SIET Integrated Model on entrepreneurship development which was used to train thousands of potential entrepreneurs from almost all states of India.Another noted achievement of the school is sensitivity training (laboratory for executive development. ) Currently the school activities include training of trainers in entrepreneurship development, curriculum development, skill development programmes, women entrepreneurship, counseling, motivating and retraining the voluntarily retired employees of State and Central PSUs and research projects. At the international level, the school takes up consultancy projects on setting up Entrepreneurship Development Institutes. It also organizes programmes on training Methods and Skills for Managers, Empowerment of Women through Enterprises and Capacity Building programmes for NGOs and Government personnel.Besides imparting training on Entrepreneurship Development, the school acts as a nodal agency in implementing Rajiv Gandhi Udhyami Mitra Yojana (RGUMY) scheme of the Ministry of MSME for providing handholding support to prospective entrepreneurs. Core Competencies †¢Entrepreneurship Development †¢Training of trainers in Entrepreneurship Development †¢Curriculum Development †¢Training Techniques †¢Women Empowerment †¢Retraining and Rehabilitation of VR employees †¢Evaluation of Government Programmes and Schemes on Entrepreneurship Development School of Enterprise Management (SEM) Genesis This is a well-established academic organ of ni-msme. There is a spate of changes sweeping the enterprises across the globe.The economic reforms within the country with the attendant consequences, ever increasing competition, both global and local, fast pace of technological changes and a host of other factors necessitate revolutionary reforms in the enterprise management practices. The practices clearly have to be cost-effective as well as simpler to adopt and adapt with the power to impinge all segments of the enterprise. This calls for a paradigm shift in raison d’etre of the enterprise itself. In tune with this, the erstwhile Industrial Management Division is re-engineered and re-christened as School of Enterprise Management (SEM) laying emphasis on management practices, intellectual property rights and management education. Core CompetenciesThe School is endowed with capabilities in the following areas and delivers through the instruments of training and consultancy, many a time customised to meet the requirements of client organisation, actively supported by research. The School functions with its full-fledged five centres viz. , Centre for Promotion of Advanced Management Practices (C-PAMP), Centre for Logistics & Integrated Materials Systems (C-LAIMS) , Centre for Industrial Credit and Financial Services (C-ICFS) and Centre for Intellectual Property Rights (C-IPR) and Centre for Environment Concerns (C-Eco). Marketing †¢market survey and demand analysis †¢exports, international trade and practices †¢industrial marketing †¢rural marketing †¢marketing of agri-inputsManagement Training Methodologies †¢role play †¢small group activities †¢in-plant studies †¢management cases †¢management simulations and games Productivity and Quality †¢ management of productivity †¢total quality management †¢Statistical quality control †¢ISO 9000/14000 †¢OHSAS †¢HACCP / Six Sigma Finance †¢human resource management †¢industrial relations †¢human resources and systems †¢ISO 9000/14000 †¢OHSAS †¢HACCP / Six Sigma Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) †¢IP creation, commercialisation & management General Management †¢Benchmarking †¢B usiness Process Re-engineering †¢Japanese Management Practices †¢Performance contracts †¢Strategic management ClienteleThe clientele include both government and non-governmental organisations such as: †¢Corporate sector: PSUs and Private sector enterprises †¢Entrepreneurs and owner-managers of SMEs †¢Officials from ministries and departments of both central and state governments †¢Banks and financial institutions †¢Enterprise support agencies including VOs †¢International agencies In addition, student focused part-time post-graduate diploma programmes in areas like export management, TQM and ISO 9000 and human resource management and systems are conducted. This endeavour also serves the cause of continuing executive education. Co-working and Collaborations TSEM works synergistically with other centres of the institute to design and deliver value-laden content to the customers.It also networks with other national and international institut ions of good standing through collaborations to administer cost-effective, client-centred performance improvement capsules. The School also leverages the expertise available within different sectors of the economy to service sector-specific clients. Vision The School’s vision is to emerge and establish itself as a sui generis seat of learning in advanced management practices that enable promotion of performing enterprises. Mission The School envisages realisation of the above vision through its mission of promotion and propagation of advanced management practices that are low in cost of implementation, but are highly effective in results and cover all the activities of the enterprise.This is accomplished through undertaking the triadic activities of training, research and consultancy, both within the country and outside. Thus its charter mandates it to work towards enabling practices that are: †¢Enterprise-wide †¢Low cost †¢High impact Compass of Services and C onstellation of Benefits SEM offers a wide range of services in the form of training interventions, capacity building through management consultancy and other knowledge-based services through applied research. The tangible benefits, in addition to the many intangibles, that flows from our school are: †¢Productivity-driven cost leadership †¢Quality led competitiveness †¢Customer-coupled market share †¢Re-engineered organisational advantage Benchmark-based best practices School of Enterprise Information and Communication (SEIC) Genesis The School of Information and Communication (SEIC) is a well established unique knowledge hub of ni-msme in providing information services and ICT solutions through training to both the national and international MSME community. To strengthen the informational base of MSMEs in facing the global challenges led to the formation of School of Enterprise Information and Communication (SEIC) laying emphasis on providing information service s in varied forms and need based skill oriented Information Technology (IT) training using the latest technologies. Core competenciesThe school functions with its fully equipped sources of information and state-of-the-art infrastructure to meet the informational needs and ICT skill development training requirements of MSMEs, Government organisations, public and private sectors, NGOs, entrepreneurs, students, researchers etc. through its two Centres viz, Small Enterprises National Documentation Centre (SENDOC) and Centre for Communication and Information Technology (C-CIT). National WELCOME Presentation Director General, ni-msme Genesis Started as Central Industrial Extension Training Institute in New Delhi in 1960 on the recommendation of Working Group for III five year plan Shifted to Hyderabad in 1962 as a Government of India Society under the name Small Industry Extension Training (SIET) InstituteAttainment of National Status in 1984 and renamed as National Institute of Small Ind ustry Extension Training (nisiet) Emerged as a distinct institution for promotion of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Renamed as National Institute for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) with enactment of MSMED Act,2006 Vision To become a global centre of excellence for creation, sustenance and growth of MSMEs Core Competency Enabling enterprise creation Capacity building for enterprise growth and sustainability Enhancing competitiveness under globalisation Creation, development and dissemination of enterprise knowledge Diagnostic and development studies for policy formulation Evaluation and impact studies for enterprise promotionEmpowering the underprivileged through enterprises Functional Spectrum Schools of Excellence School of Enterprise Development (SED) C-IPD: Centre for Industrial Planning and Development C-PR: Centre for Policy Research NRCD: National Resource Centre for Cluster Development EISC: Economic Investigation and Statistical Cell n-Cube: ni-msme – NGO – Network School of Enterprise Management (SEM) C-PAMP: Centre for Promotion of Advanced Management Practices C-ICFS: Centre for Industrial Credit and Financial Services C-IPR: Centre for Intellectual Property Rights C-LAIMS: Centre for Logistics and Integrated Materials Systems C-ECO: Centre for Environment Concerns Schools of ExcellenceSchool of Entrepreneurship & Extension (SEE) C-EIE: Centre for Entrepreneurship and Industrial Extension C-CC: Centre for Consultancy and Counseling WSC: Women’s Studies Cell EAC: Employee Assistance Cell School of Enterprise Information & Communication (SEIC) C-CIT: Centre for Communication and Information Technology SENDOC: Small Enterprises National Documentation Centre LPC: Live Projects Cell Members of Governing Council Union Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Chairman Secretary to the Govt. of India, Ministry of MSME Vice-Chairman Additional Secretary and Development Commissioner (MSME), Ministry of MSM E, GOI Member Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser,Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Joint Secretary, Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Joint Secretary, Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Chairman, Coir Board Member Chairman & Managing Director, SIDBI Member Chief Executive Officer, Khadi & Village Industries Commission (KVIC) Member Members of Governing Council Members of Governing Council Members of Executive Committee Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of MSME, GOI Chairman Additional Secretary and DC (MSME), Ministry of MSME, GOI Vice-Chairman Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser, Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Joint Secretary to GOI, Ministry of MSME Member Joint Secretary to GOI, Ministry of MSME MemberRepresentative of a State level Association of micro and small enterprises Nominated Member Representative of an Association of micro and small women Entrepreneurs Nominated Member Representative of an academic or training institution dealing with management or entrepreneu rship development Nominated Member Director General of the Institute Member-Secretary Major Achievements Pioneering study that led to First Entrepreneurship Model First Sensitivity Training Laboratory- Ford Foundation First International Programme on small industry in the country Programme for Young Engineers for the first time in the country Establishment of SENDOC – A National Information Centre for SMEs Partnership with UNIDO – Industrial Estate & Regional Development Feasibility studies on modernisation of SSI First Study on identification of Growth Centres Major Achievements Establishing a Branch Regional Centre at GuwahatiAssisting in policy implication for establishing District Industries Centers Attainment of National status and renaming as National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet) Prepared Case Studies and Video Documentary on Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Orientation on Small Industry Development for IAS Officers The First Comput erised Software Package Developed on Simulation Exercises for Small Industry Management (SIM SIM) Major Achievements UNESCO Chair on SSI Policy Enterprises Development and Government Effectiveness (EDGE) Programme for Srilankan Administrative Officials Refocusing Academic Centers in the place of departments B2B transactions with developing countriesCounseling, Retraining and Redeployment programmes for rationalised employees of CPSUs Little Angles Project sponsored by International Labour Organisation (ILO) on eradication of child labours Establishment of a center on Cluster Development (NRCD) Major Achievements Enhancing faculty competencies through international training and studies Started educational programmes Organised National Conference : Entrepreneurship in the New Millennium Attained self-sufficiency – 2001-02 Upgradation of Infrastructure services Policy Research Studies on various aspects of SMEs Entered into MoUs with International Agencies All time high income o f Rs. 1022. 76 lakh for the year 2006-07 Regrouping Centres & Cells under concept of School Renaming nisiet as ni-msme with effect from 11 April 2007 Major Research and Consultancy Projects (2001-08)Identification of Product/Resource-specific Business in Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura Emergence of First Generation Women Entrepreneurs – An Exploratory Study Additional Income Opportunities to the Families of Child Labour – An ILO Project Study on Curriculum Models for Entrepreneurship Development under NEDB Scheme Diagnostic study of Crochet Lace Cluster at Narsapur, Andhra Pradesh Evaluation study of ongoing schemes of NBCFDC in Karnataka Evaluation of Micro Credit Schemes and Education Loan Schemes in Andhra Pradesh Major Research and Consultancy Projects (2001-08) Achieving self-sufficiency through ni-msme’s intervention for the societies of Girijan Cooperative Corporation Ltd. Andhra Pradesh Design of Project Profiles for SMEs in Mauritius for Small and Medium Industries Development Organisation (SMIDO), Mauritius Development of 20 clusters in the country sponsored by DC(MSME) Micro Enterprise Mapping of Self-Help Groups in districts of Rajasthan State Competency Mapping of Indian SMEs for Global Promotion under NEDB Study on Impact of Government Incentives and Subsidies on the Industrial Development in Andhra Pradesh Promotion of self-employment activities among the Tribal Youth Preparation of Business Plan for Handicraft Clusters Cont. Major Research and Consultancy Projects (2001-08 Integrated Handloom Cluster Development – Mubarakpur Integrated Handloom Cluster Development – BarabankiEvaluation Study of Schemes of Handloom Sector: Health Insurance Scheme Evaluation Study of Schemes of Handloom Sector: Integrated Handloom Training Project Evaluation Study of Schemes of Handloom Sector: 10% Rebate Scheme Study on Impact of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes Evaluation of EDI Scheme of Ministry of MSME Techn ical Services for Khadi and Village Industries Clusters Technical Services for Coir Clusters Hightlights:2001-08 Attained self-sufficiency (2001-02) Recognition of Employees Assistance Cell as Nodal Agency for training and rehabilitation of rationalized employees of Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) (2002) Providing Income Opportunities for the families of Child Labour in Previous: E-Commerce and Bridging Digital Divide: Telecom, Infrastructure and Access Next: OECDlight 9714499671