Antigone Minor Character Essay

The tactical piece of musiceuver Antigone tells the story of one of Oedipus daughters standing up to the law in pose to honor her brother. The story begins after Polyneices and Eteocles stomach killed each other and big businessman Creon issues an edict forbidding the burial of Polyneices. In the prologue Antigones sister Ismene is introduced. Ismene temporary hookup a minor display case serves a great purpose in the play. In the opening lines of the play a dialogue is occurring between Ismene and Antigone. In lines 14-29 Antigone is telling Ismene of her plan to bury Polyneices even though Creon forbids it. Ismene tells her We are however women We cannot fight with men. We must give in to the law. Ismenes refusal and fear of breaking the law serves to emphasize Antigones stubbornness and hardheadedness.In scene 2 when Ismene tries to take partial blame for the burial of Polyneices, Antigone refuses her. This exhibitions Antigones pride for her actions and her protectiveness and loyalty to her family. Ismene is included to act as a stop to Antigones character. Where Ismene not included in the play, the play would not have such a great effect. Ismene represents the average women in this Greek society. Had her character not been introduced the reader would assume that all women in that society were as hardheaded and stubborn as Antigone. If Antigone would have represented the average fair sex the theme of loyalty to family would be lost.Through out the prologue Ismene refers back to the occurrence that they are just women and have no power against the laws or what is make about them. In scene 2 Creon is convinced that it was a man who buried Polyneices and not a cleaning woman this serves to verify the gender roles in Greek society. Ismenes shy, hesitant, and reluctant behavior is typical of a woman of that society since after all they had no rights and were treated as property. In conclusion Ismene while a minor character serves the role of a foil to Antigone by emphasizing Antigones hardheaded stubbornness. She is included to show how typical women in Greek society acted and what they believed. If it werent for Ismene several themes in the story would not appear.

Summer Reading Assignment: About a Boy

Mr. Wilson English 11 5 September 2012 Summer learning Assignment About a Boy Insensible exit, who lives comfortably collide with of the money from a popular Christmas song his develop wrote, comes up with the psyche to join a Single Parents Alone Together, (SPAT), group in disposition to pick up item-by-item moms. What he chooses to overlook however, is the fact that he does not have any children. This sparks a chain of events beginning with him showdown Marcus, an awkward young teenage boy who is being raised by a depressed, single mother.Marcus is constantly tormented at school and feels as though he has no one to turn to. He becomes precise fond of testament who is tolerant with him at first and begins to grow connect to his high strung personality. Marcus begins to gain confidence, learn how to deal with his mother, and win the bosom of an darkeneder punk rocker girl named Ellie at his school. However spend epoch with Marcus begins to show Will just how empty his bread and butter in reality is. Marcus and Will cross paths at a SPAT get in concert when Marcuss mom asks her friend Susie to bring him.That day is the when both Marcus and Wills life falsify forever. When arriving home from the SPAT placey Susie, Marcus, and Will walk into Marcuss mom Fiona passed out in her own vomit. In the mix of it every(prenominal) Marcus doesnt even see that his mom had tried to overdose on pills. From that day forward Marcus constantly worried about his mothers depression instead of worrying about himself-importance, and how he gets picked on effortless at his school. It wasnt until he met Will that Marcus realized why he was getting picked on.Fiona, Marcuss mom, was in denial and believed that Marcus was just fine habiliment ugly shoes, and listening to Mozart. Will helps him to find himself, and to shed his nerdy and dorky skin. As the months passed Marcus began to change and he started hanging out with this punk rocker girl Ellie. At first Marcus believed that he was in love with Ellie and that he could spend the sopor of his life with her but afterward taking her to go see his father Marcus realizes she is just too different and crazy. At the end of the novel Will knows for sure that Marcus will be ok when he complains about Will askingFiona to take out sheet music of Marcuss old preferent nerdy singer. He knows the days of Marcus letting kids bully him, steal his shoes, and mock him for his old haircut are gone. Will did not only help Marcus, but Marcus helped him. before he was ever involved with Marcus, Will was a pot smoking, lazy, self centered person. However after everything he went through with Marcus, Will changed, and for the better. At the end of the novel Will had found love with this beautiful single mother, Rachel. Even Will realized that himself.He had lost his shell and his cool and his distance, and he felt scared and vulnerable, but he got to be with Rachel, and thats every last(predicate) that matter ed. Fiona at the beginning of the novel was a suicidal, depressed, and horrible mother. Even after trying to kill herself she was still horrible. She didnt even notice how dangerous of a time Marcus was having at school and she wanted to take away(p) Will from Marcus when he was the only thing making her son happy. still as Marcus changed so did Fiona. She was long-range so depressed and no longer hated Marcus as her son.Even though she has lost a big part of Marcus, she got to stay away from the hospital because she was no longer depressed. Change makes you flexible, and helps go with the flow. Change makes you smarter. If things never changed, youd never learn anything new. And every time you learn something new its makes you smarter than you were yesterday. Change reminds us that anything is possible. Its easy to theorize that anything thats stuck will always be that way. Marcus, Fiona and Will all larn how to improve their lives and it was all because of each other.

Cultural diversity in professional comm Essay

While America fought universe War II in Europe, riots broke pop in the streets of Los Angeles targeting young Latinos. They strived for the same freedom enjoyed by whites, tho were treated as poorly as African Americans of the era. In effect, they tried to disassociate themselves from this faction. Young Latino men referred to themselves as pachucos and sported big suits known as zoot suits. In the bring Zoot Suit Riots, Joseph Tovares remarkably pictured the difficult lives of Mexican Americans in the 1940s.Zoot Suit Riots is a powerful film that explores the complicated racial tensions, as well as the changing friendly and political scene leading up to the riots in the streets of Los Angeles in the summertime of 1943. discolor Americans, natural law and service men targeted Latinos with their racist attitudes. Tovares argues that these Mexican American adolescents were victims, but they also stood up for themselves and fought back to gain the respect they felt they deserve d.This generation of Americanized Latino children wanted to be recognized as American on their own terms. To distinguish themselves from their parents generation, they became zoot suitors, but learned that was not adequate as racism was a widespread phenomenon across America. Tovares accurately portrays the lives of Mexican Americans victimized by highlighting the Sleepy Lagoon Case. To white Americans in Los Angeles, the murder was proof that Mexican American crime was spiraling out of control.Tovares, however, uses this as evidence to support that they were mistreated because the Mexican American suspects taken into custody wholly wore zoot suits. This reinforced the opinion white Americans had of Mexican Americans and their panic of men in zoot suits. He also interviewed both Mexican Americans and White Americans who lived during this event, even some participants in the riots. His use of oral history passim the film is captivating as you hear the voice and emotional respon se of a person who actually experienced these riots.Tovares interviews Hank Leyyas sister, an important defendant in the case, who lived through the crime, the trail, the city, everything. She remembers it all and how much it affected her br separates life. Her emotions when describing the riots helps the witness understand how people were affected. Sailors of the time admitted in their interviews to attacking Mexican Americans and Mexican Americans admitted to reciprocating the behavior. Tovares film reflects on the racist abuse Mexican Americans received not provided from White American citizens, but also from authority figures.Ed fight backd Escobars historic article, Zoot-Suiters and Cops, supports Tovares argument that zoot suitors were seen as dangers to society and this brought upon the attacks on them, but Escobar chargees much on the patrol aspect of the riots. Escobar argues, Police, along with local civic leaders, believed that Mexican American youth, especially you ng males, were inclined toward violent crime. This belief incorporated with police officers frustration over their inability to crack down on the maintain lawbreakers and led to their allowing servicemen to beat and humiliate the zoot-suiters (Escobar, 1996).Tovares agrees that police were problematic, but focuses more than than on the Sleepy Lagoon Case involving Mexican and White Americans who participated or lived during the riots. Escobar states that the LAPD consistently arrested Mexican Americans at a higher rate than the command population. During the war these numbers increased, especially arresting young Mexican Americans. However, Escobar argues that police officials misinterpreted their own statistics. Reported crime actually fell during 1942 and 1943, the years of the alleged crime wave.These increases in arrests resulted more from changes in the law and in police practices than from changes in Mexican American behavior. Specifically, saucily immigration and draft l aws for adults and curfew ordinances for juveniles, created new classes of laws that Mexican Americans violated, increasing the arrest statistics (Escobar, 1996). The LAPD also employed selective enforcement in barrios than in white sections like the curfew ordinance as an example. This evidence strongly supports Escobars argument that the LAPD was more inclined towards the harsh treatment of Mexican Americans.Escobar focuses more on this than Tovares did throughout the film. While Tovares and Escobar both focus on the discrimination zoot suiters felt, Thomas Guglielmo shifts his focus to Mexican American racism was not only in Los Angeles but also in Texas in his historical article, contend for Caucasian Rights. Guglielmo argues that Mexican Americans who were born in the United States showed that they only cared about the United States but needed to be looked at again.They seemed active, focussing on being American, distant from Mexico but really these Mexican Americans due to the Good Neighbor policy still determine themselves with Mexico. Compared to Tovares, Guglielmo looks at American battles in Texas and legislative matter compared to the Los Angeles zoot suit riots. Guglielmo goes against Tovares panorama and says that there is more to Mexican American racism outside of Los Angeles. During the war more people of Mexican decline in quality lived in Texas than any other state.These Mexican Americans that lived here are combat for equality through ordinance unlike the Mexican Americans in Los Angeles who are fighting for the same but by rebelling out through wearing zoot suits and adapting to that elbow room of life. Both Toraves and Escobar perspective is on zoot suiters and police interaction where as Guglielmo focuses more on just Mexican Americans in Texas. Guglielmo argument is not as convincing to me because he focuses too much on legislation and Mexico compared to Toraves and Escobar focus on the discrimination Mexican Americans faced dur ing the war that resulted in the riots.Toraves, Escobar and Guglielmo all highlight the struggle Mexican Americans faced fighting for equality, just presented it in different ways. Tovares strongly emphasized why the Mexican Americans wanted to break free. They were tired of being told what to do, where to go, what to wear. They created an image for themselves that separated them from everyone else. Escobar tell that the zoot suit phenomenon resulted primarily from the racism, discrimination, and extreme poverty that people of Mexican descent faced in the United States (Escobar, 1996).It did not necessarily give Mexican Americans more rights and equalitys that they fought for indirectly but brought national attention to their race that they needed to bring attention to fight for themselves. CITATION Esobar. Zoot-suiters and Cops Chicano Youth and the Los Angeles Police Department during World War II. 284-303. 1996 Guglielmo. Fighting for Caucasian Rights Mexicans, Mexican Americans and the transnational struggle for Civil Rights in World War II Texas. 1212-1237. 2006 Tovares, Joseph, dir. Zoot Suit Riots. 2002. PBS Home Video. DVD-ROM.

Proximity of fastest growing region in China Essay

The Hong Kong scud has been noted for its excellence in high end dish outs, work of shipping lines and extensive coverage of destinations. Excellent institutional framework, a subscriber line-friendly environment, the professionalism of workers. The around im demeanorant is Hong Kong court-ordered system, which is trusted, tried and tested by foreign business. Hong Kong retains a distinct improvement in permitting the parties in maritime arbitration, to take a leak the squeeze governed and construed in accordance with Hong Kong or English law.As an international fiscal centre, Hong Kong position itself as the business, profession and dishs hub for the Mainland and the region as a whole. At the same time, Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta give continue to be the primary(prenominal) economic engine of southern china, as well as an progressively wealthy consumer market and a strong regional economy aiming the global exporting market. Hong Kong does consider a way out of advantages over other Mainland cities, and will continue to do so in the future.A strong and well-regulated financial empyrean, a free press, the free f poor of information, low taxes and a straightforward taxation system, a pool of ighly skilled managers with international experience, proximity to study markets, and a close network of services companies ar among the strengths and advantages for business in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is supporting services for the maritime arena in Hong Kong, for example export finance, trade documentation and logistics. The business-friendly tax policy and favourable customs duty laws eviscerate Hong Kong private-enterprise(a). Sufficient terminal basin and its approach channel depth to jibe the increasing draughts of ultra-large container ships. The Marine Department has an annual tonnage heraldic bearing reduction scheme in place for Hong Kong registered ships.It has likewise recently decreased fees for 24 marine-related services suc h as port dues, seafarers? licences fees, and certificate fees. Hong Kong fighting is further elicitd by the Closer economic Partnership sympathy (CEPA) with China. Weakness The absolute majority of the world bigest container ports are dictated in Asia. Most of the container ports belongs to Mainland China, the second bigest economy in the world. All this provides enormous opportunities for have, tho every individual port faces new challenges and competition. Hong kong make is not an exception. scrap of HIT has become a key issue. In other dustup any other Mainland port could be considered a competitor labored the success of the HIT. As before many Chinese ports were poorly fit out to postponement the sudden join on in exports from a rapidly expanding manufacturing sector, HIT was the obvious port of choice. After returning Hong Kong to China almost instantly many manufacturing industries relocated from Hong Kong to Shenzhen. A report released by the Better Hong Kong asylum noted that Hong Kong was rapidly losing market share in cargo throughput to Shenzhen newer and cheaper ports?.Carolyn Cartier, transnational Urbanism in the Reform-era Chinese City Landscapes from Shenzhen?. Oportunities It is difficult to distinguish precise opportunities for HIT. The shareholders of HIT has indicated support for closer crossborder cooperation with other ports in the region. For instance, Shenzhen Port is controlled by the owners of Hong Kong HIT and is closer to manufacturing sources. However, many vessels continue to call at both ports. It is also important to recognise the vast amount of active industry companies located in Hong Kong which makes it (the Pearl Delta Region) a sustainable jam for maritime businesses.Hong Kong advantage lies in its ability to cooperate effectively with the Mainland under the CEPA (HK and Macau, Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement) and its well advanced industry. CEPA continues to provide benefits for Hong Kong busines ses. As an economy, where 90% of gross domestic product comes from services, Hong Kong strengths lie in services. On the other hand, the Mainland services sector has been suppuration as a noticeably slower pace compared to its manufacturing sector. The potential and then for overseas firms under CEPA is enormous. A problem with a large number of China FTZ was that they were not connected to ports.Thus cargo had to undergo customs check procedures prior to entering the FTZ or port. The opportunities for businesses in the services sector is enhanced by CEPA. The best way for overseas service suppliers to leverage on CEPA to gain access to the Mainland market is to set up a service company in Hong Kong, or partner with, invest in or even acquire service suppliers in Hong Kong. Overseas service suppliers acquiring an existing Hong Kong service supplier need to operate in Hong Kong for one year to demonstrate they are carrying on substantive business operations after the acquisition.I f a foreign services supplier acquires little than 50 percent equity interest in a Hong Kong service supplier, the one year time bar does not apply. Better enthrall infrastructure will improve access to Mainland markets and enhance CEPA aims. For example, the integration of regional transport networks will be enhanced by the festering of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau noseband which has an expected completion date of 2016. Notably, it is an ongoing process of liberalization amid the Mainland and Hong Kong.Hong Kong long-term economic prospects based on being able to deem competitiveness and importance as a major centre for international finance, trade, transport and logistics, professional services, communications and tourism. In the past five years, Hong Kong has been attitude itself to sustain reasonable economic growth in a rapidly-changing, knowledge-based world. Reforms have been launched in the key areas of financial services, education and the public sector to enhance Hong Kong attractiveness as a business hub with a highly-skilled workforce and a small, efficient government.Major steps have been undertaken to improve the environment, consolidate and amplify Hong Kong position and to build the infrastructure needed to ensure continued information as a hub for trade and transport in Asia, and in particular(a) the rapidly growing Pearl River Delta. Concerted efforts have been taken to advance and position Hong Kong as Asia world city. The Brand Hong Kong programme, launched in May 2001, is a long-term undertaking to focus greater international attention on Hong Kong strengths and advantages as the most free, open and cosmopolitan city in Asia.Container goal 9 (CT9), now being completed on Tsing Yi Island by the buck private sector, will consolidate Hong Kong position as the worlds busiest and most efficient container port. The 68-hectare tolerate will have six berths and a design capacity to process more than 2. 6 billion twenty-foot equivalen t units (TEUs) a year. CT9 in a following years will bring annual total capacity at the Kwai Chung Container Terminal Basin to more than 15 million TEUs. The new marine basin will be able to handle the largest container ships. ThreatsSince 1997 when Hong Kong was returned to PRC the HIT has served as the gateway to China because of its strategical location in the Pearl River Delta region of southern China, the most advanced trading region in China. The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, has been the most economically changing region of the Chinese Mainland since the beginning of China reform programme in 1979. The Chinese government establishment of a special economic regularize in Shenzhen in 1979 gave an oportunity for Hong Kong and its container port to benefit from access to China, however development of mainland container ports in recent years has challenged HIT.Mainland ports invested in upgraded facilities with the help of foreign nifty and a rapid move to privatization of p orts. Since 1985, mainland China has invested more in its port development than the rest of the world combined?. Kevin Cullinane, Wang Teng Fei and Sharon Cullinane, Container Terminal Development in Mainland China and Its Impact on the Competitiveness of the Port of Hong Kong? Recent reports hint that Chinese factories are moving further inland and in virtually cases, closer to Shanghai and the Yangtze River Delta, want to lower evergrowing costs.The forecast annual growth rate for cargo in the region is 8. 6 per cent to 2020. The forecasts think that Shenzhen market share of cargo in the region will increase to 55 per cent (from 16 per cent in 1999). Furthermore and inappropriate to the implications suggested by the report outlined above, the United Nations Economic and Social focussing for Asia and the Pacific pointed out that by 2020 Shanghai is expected to be overtaken by Shenzhen to become the world? s largest container port.?Kevin Cullinane, Wang Teng Fei and Sharon Cul linane, Container Terminal Development in Mainland China and Its Impact on the Competitiveness of the Port of Hong Kong? It is, of course, impossible to forecast which endpoint will prevail. In the meantime most ports in China are concentrating on expanding capacity and upgrading and modernizing port facilities and operations. It is possible that many of Shenzhen business-friendly policies have been inspired by Hong Kong well-established and competitive customs and trade regimes, low tax and industry incentives.Nevertheless Hong Kong retains a number of competitive advantages such as well-integrated finance, legal and other service sectors, including a healthy body of industry groups. Hong Kong is all the way establishing itself as a hub for maritime services. Its traditional role as a transshipment hub will continue to face pressure from mainland China where the vast majority of export goods historically shipped from Hong Kong are manufactured.The implementation of FTZ and associ ated financial incentives for the maritime sector establishes the Mainland ports as a sustainable option for marine businesses, especially those seeking to move closer to manufacturing sources. Mainland ports traditionally competed at the lower end religious offering the lowest port charges in the region but with limited destinations and low service frequency. Yantian Port had the highest charges on the Mainland but offered a more competitive turnaround time and better global network integration. Various incentives and a rapidly developing economy in the Pearl River Delta region have shifted the balance.

Garnier Fructis – Innovation

LOreal Garnier Fructis cover+Shampoo Introduction LOreal, the French enhancive giant has become one of the leading players in the salon harvest-homes firmament in India. It marks its presence with a portfolio of 15 brands that grew over the orthodontic braces of besidely two decades in the Indian foodstuff, having an annual growth deem of 30 per centum with a commercialise sh ar of 10 percent in the urban area. These different brands were launched in severalize to cover versatile reaping categories. The mass consumer brands LOreal Paris, Garnier and Maybelline New York luxury brands Yves Saint Laurent, Kiehls, Ralph Lauren, Giorgio Armani, diesel and Lancome professional brands LOreal Professionnel, Matrix, Kerastase and Keraskin Esthetics and pharmacy brands Vichy and La Roche-Posay. (premium dish parvenues. com, 2012). With almost 750,000 points of change in both the traditional network as well as in the modern super commercialise network, the brand Garnier has suc cessfully become the leading multi-category spectator brand in India.Launched in 1991, this global brand understood the kinetics of the Indian merchandise and was able to craft a special vex for itself. Even though Garnier is positioned as a premium, nature- ground and innovative brand, it is priced reasonably targeting at both, the upper and middle socio-economic classes. Worldwide, LOreal is famous for its carrefour innovation and this singularity is strongly portrayed in Garnier by dint of its continuous new proceeds launches. This also creates excitement amongst the consumers to try out the new innovative personalised assistance returns, leading to brand loyalty.Garnier has two sub-brands Garnier Fructis and Garnier Ultra Doux. Garnier Fructis almost promptly created a very strong bond with the consumers since it was positioned as a harvest-home based brand. The Indian consumer is happier using natural based products compared to the chemical based ones. Under this brand, a revolutionary product was launched in the year 2010 Garnier Fructis vegetable oil+Shampoo that took the tomentum cerebri care foodstuff by storm. In this report, LOreals innovation and new product development models are explained in respect to their Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo product.Innovation Model According to LOreal Indias chief operating officer, Mr. Dinesh Dayal, for this kind of success, the most essential factor is to pay up the right kind of innovation, which was come acrossd through a blend of aggressive market question, intuition and the power of their global R&D. Along with the three briny drivers of innovation for LOreal, i. e. sprightly ingredients, preparation and evaluation search has forever been the chief(prenominal) crux for the comp alls growth. When it comes to creating cosmetic products, science is the main driver of innovation.An advanced research for discovering new active ingredients is conducted, where scientific cognition about skin a nd hair around the world is ga on that pointd, after which shapetion systems are developed and admited by various brands including Garnier around the world. For the Fructis Oil+Shampoo launch in the Indian market, the product is formulated using three oils as its key active ingredients, i. e. Olive oil for muddy nourishment of the roots, Avocado oil for nourishment of the hair fiber and qualification it supple and Shea oil for softening the surface.Once the formulation has been complete, the transition from the molecule to absolute product is done after demonstrating the products safety and whether it is scientifically effective. But or else than focusing entirely on scientific research, LOreal opines in research that listens to consumers. They aim to nurture innovation through a incessant negotiation between science and merchandise. Thus, in order to discover and disseminate beauty habits of transnational consumers, the International Department of Studies and Consumer In sights was created.Garnier realized that in India, in order to nourish their hair, women extensively believed in the beauty ritual of oiling their hair, followed by a scalp massage and shampoo. The current fast-paced generation seemed to be lamentable away from this ritual as it is time-consuming. This became a source of inspiration for the 2-in-1 formula of hair oil and shampoo by Garnier. This is what Indias head of trading operations calls as Indo-vation Innovation specifically for the Indian market. In order to deduce the global consumers of LOreal, they strengthened their global presence in sextette regions Europe, United States, Japan, China, Brazil and India.This enabled LOreal to come closer to their global market, as well as to gain the wealth of specific scientific and marketing knowledge of each region. In India, LOreal has its product development sum in Mumbai from where it studies the specifics of hair and skin types of the Indian consumers, as well as their expec tations and beauty routines for all its brands including Garnier, and an advanced research center in Bangalore where it screens its active ingredients to address scalp concerns, hair breakage and pigmentation disorders.According to Jean Paul Agon (Chairman, LOreal Paris), opening a research and innovation center in Mumbai was in line with the companys universalization strategy in order to adapt to the cultural specific needs for all its global brands. Further, LOreal abides by the principles of sustainable and responsible innovation on a daily basis. result safety is an absolute priority for this cosmetic giant, and has contributed massively to the study of toxicology ascribable to its constant scientific commitment. The team at the Ultramodern Global marrow squash is responsible for the beneficial and undesirable effects of all the ingredients.Unlike Pantene, Head & Shoulders and herb tea Essence shampoos available in the Indian market, Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo does non use harmful chemicals much(prenominal) as Methylchloroisothiazolinone, a preservative create harmful effects on the skin as well as the immune system and Ammonium Chloride which is harmful when swallowed and causes serious eye irritation. Instead, this product uses plant extracts such as Pyrus Malus and Peel extracts. Also, LOreal makes sure that its products have minimum impact on the environment throughout their entire feeling cycle.For this purpose, all the raw materials are under constant monitoring for environmental indicators. LOreal stopped animal testing in 1989 and plans to terminate human biopsy for testing clinical effectiveness in the near future. New Product Development Model LOreal operates in a very turbulent and volatile fashion industry, making the product life cycles very short. But according to Crawford (1988), an early entry of new product may result in the development of a new market and long term market dominance. Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo is one such product .Based on Ansoffs (1965, 1968) directional policy matrix, LOreal implemented the product development strategy, catering to the Indian market with a new product, i. e. 2 in 1 oil and shampoo. New product development enables LOreal to earn increased value for the company through a splendid market share. The company believes in creating innovative products which are not all differentiated but also satisfy different segments in the international market. Before launching a new product, the company has to ensure that the product is based on the consumers preferences and is ifferentiated from any other product in terms of its formula/innovation. Once such an idea is generated by market research, R&D takes over. Once completing the R&D ferment, the market reality is observed and different ways of marketing the product are employed. A companys image would be shattered if there if any negligence in this context, resulting to product pretermitures upon launch. Therefore the complex process of new product development has a direct impact on LOreals prestige. LOreal invests heavily while launching any new product and be certain about its effectiveness, practicality and marketability of these products.Thus, before commercialisation of Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo in the Indian market, an intensive market research was done in order to identify the beauty ritual of oiling the hair prior to shampooing and how through R&D, this finding was converted into an effective molecular(a) formula, later supported by a screening test and at long last passing through the market testing stage. Conclusion According to Wang and Von Tunzelmann (1997), sooner than R&D, marketing perceives a more critical role in the positioning of a new product in any market segment.In context of the Garnier Fructis Oil+Shampoo launch, it is a product that was never fancy of earlier by the Indian consumers, thus making it difficult to believe in. Fundamentally, shampoo is used against oil and these are tw o products are not supposed to work together. Since the time factor prevents the consumers from using both oil and shampoo at the same time, Garnier has tried integrating the north-pole and the south-pole. They are laborious to combine two attributes having a negative relationship and trying to win over the consumers that there is a scope of redefining this relationship and making them work positively together.Once this strategy can get established, it may work as a powerful differentiator. Garnier now needs to focus on developing a story that is credible enough for the consumers to believe in. Regardless of whether the innovations by Garnier would fail or succeed in the market, they have managed to gain equity through its innovative products, heavy investment in brand promotion, strong statistical distribution reach and premium positioning along with a smart determine strategy, creating a special place in the Indian personal care industry. References 1. Afaqs. com (2010) afaqs g t News Company Briefs Garnier launches Garnier Fructis Shampoo + Oil 2 in 1. online Available at http//www. afaqs. com/news/company_briefs/index. html? id=43881_GarnierlaunchesGarnierFructisShampooOil2in1 Accessed 19 Apr 2013. 2. B, H. (2010) Marketing perform Garnier Take Care. online Available at http//marketingpractice. blogspot. in/2010/01/garnier-take-care. html Accessed 19 Apr 2013. 3. Bureau, O. (2013) LOreal looking at innovation to ramp up operations. online Available at http//www. thehindubusinessline. om/companies/loreal-looking-at-innovation-to-ramp-up-operations/article4295052. ece Accessed 19 Apr 2013. 4. Cosmeticsandtoiletries. com (2013) LOreal Unveils New Indian Research and Innovation concentrate on CosmeticsAndToiletries. com. online Available at http//www. cosmeticsandtoiletries. com/networking/news/company/LrsquoOreacuteal-Unveils-new-Indian-Research-and-Innovation-Center-186324642. html Accessed 19 Apr 2013. 5. Coursework4you. co. uk (1990) LOreals new pr oduct development strategy and the way they have successfully managed to achieve considerable market shares through consistent R&D efforts. PAPERS4YOU. COM UNIVERSITY quiz COURSEWORK DISSERTATION ASSIGNMENT ACADEMIC ANALYSIS. online Available at http//www. coursework4you. co. uk/essays-and-dissertations/sample85. php Accessed 19 Apr 2013. 6. drugstore. com (n. d. ) Garnier Fructis haircare Triple Nutrition Fortifying Shampoo, For Dry to Over-Dried or Damaged Hair. online Available at http//www. drugstore. com/garnier-fructis-haircare-triple-nutrition-fortifying-shampoo-for-dry-to-over-dried-or-damaged-hair/qxp226120 Accessed 19 Apr 2013. 7. Ewg. rg (n. d. ) Garnier Skin Deep Cosmetics Database Environmental Working Group. online Available at http//www. ewg. org/skindeep/brand/Garnier/ Accessed 19 Apr 2013. 8. Freepatentsonline. com (2008) Corporate culture and values genesis and sources ofLOreals entrepreneurial orientation.. online Available at http//www. freepatentsonline. co m/article/Journal-Small-Business-Entrepreneurship/204931980. html Accessed 19 Apr 2013. 9. INSEAD Knowledge (2010) Indo-vation tapping the Indian market. online Available at

Old Family Bank

The team obtains In umpteen ways disrespected, unappreciated and that found on their compensate the bank doesnt value their contributions to the company. . Causes 1 . The management team over the data processing segment has not do a good lob of communicating the compensation model for that department and how it fits at bottom the organization. 2. Also the management team wasnt aware of how the employees felt, maybe if they had been more in touch with what was going on they could have had open discussions or done something else to try to alleviate the problem. . Systems Affected 1 . Productivity throughout the immaculate bank because data processing deals with the whole bank in general. 2. Inter-department relationships, because the data recessing team have taken an us versus them attitude towards all different departments and the bank. 3. Alternatives The bank should focus on all of its employees and try to make them feel important to the company. The bank should do researc h on compatible pay raises throughout the company so that they disregard be competitive.Management should stress the richness of being loyal to the company. 4. Recommendations Do surveys throughout the company so that they can get a feel for the overall attitude of their employees. Have HRS do research and make sure that all pay scales are up to date with the appropriate education and or training. The bank can inclose programs that ensure that employees are rewarded for loyalty. Old Family Bank By biannual 1.A too large percentage of the data processing employees felt little loyalty to the bank. high pay raises and that there was a major gap in stipend between these areas and that gap didnt match the skill differences. The company. 2. The team feels in many ways disrespected, unappreciated and that job of communicating the compensation model for that department and how it fits importance of being loyal to the company. Date with the appropriate education and or training. The ba nk can install programs

Islam Religion and Cultural Diversity Essay

IntroductionPractices of the Islamic religion have get down of great precaution in the contemporary society especi all toldy in issue of expectant male quiet. Islam values and beliefs have raised controversy between followers and non-followers where the last mentioned criticize the religion as threat to peace. This paper pass on research teachings of the Islam religion to provide understanding of beliefs, values and practices in effort to crock up the controversy. This will be achieved by discussing the of import editorials of Islam Shahada, Salat, Sawm, Zakat, Hajj, Moslem law (Shariah) and jihad (Pecorino, 2001) as hale as showing application in bedevil cultures and nations. The paper will as well up as show how Islam is contrasted form Christianity and Judaism. Further, it will delineate how understanding of Islam would impact interactions or communications between Muslims and non-Muslims. Eventually, the paper will summarize main arguments.Muslim Teachings and Pillars Practiced Across Culturesthither is variation in Muslims and several core beliefs ar held to bring unity in the religion all over the world. in that location argon five main practices described in script for Muslims to keep back and are comm except estimationed as pillars of Islam. The first one is the declaration of faith (Shahada) that requires Muslims to bear witnesses as well testify for only one beau ideal, Allah, and His messenger Muhammad (Esposito, 2002). This declaration is involveed for anyone to become Muslim and has two aspects. One part affirms absolute monotheism, coalition of deity, and that associating opposite(a) things to divinity is idolatry which is unforgivable sin. This would serve to correct Muslims ondeviating from the secure path of believing in one God. The second part asserts that Muhammad is two a prophet as well as Gods messenger and hence forms the highest revelation of Gods messages to Muslims. Moreover, Muhammad liveness is an ideal that serves as role model for Muslims to emulate.The second pillar of Islam is the prayer which as cognize as Salat and require Muslims to worship God by praying five times in day, that is, in the morning, noon, mid-afternoon, sun ensnare and in the evening. In many places prayer times are alerted to Muslims through mega speakers at mosques minarets. This serves to move believers of Gods presence in their daily activities and hence need to reaffirm dependence on Him. The prayers are accompanied by rituals and were realized by Muhammad though are not in account book. However, prayers consist of citations from the Quran and movements spy such(prenominal) as bowing, kneeling, and touching ground with the forehead designate expression of humility and Gods adoration. Muslims can pray anywhere such as places of work, houses, and mosques though preferably in groups for solidarity and should face Mecca that is regarded a holy city.The prayers are orderly with same start and en ding.The third pillar is the Zakat that means purification and requires Muslims to worship and come apart thanks to God by projecting the poor. All things are believed to be owned by God and Muslim believers are required to give 2.5 percent of all they experience every year so as to support the poor, orphans, widows and those needy (Esposito, 2002). Zakat is observe as a social security in Islam and was developed most fourteen hundred years ago. In rough Muslim groups, believers also contribute religious taxes egress of their incomes to religious leaders and are utilise to support the poor. The fourth pillar is observing the fast of Ramadan (Sawm) during the ninth month of every year according to Islamic calendar. This month is regarded as Ramadan and is observed since was the time when Muhammad veritable first revelation of the Quran from God. During the month-long fast believers are required to abstain from foods, drinks, and sexuality between dawn and sunset.Ramadan con sists of special prayers cited and foods served only during this period. In the 27th day Muslims commemorate the night of power when Muhammad received Gods revelation and the Ramadan ends with celebration of Eid al-Fitr to break the fast and give gifts (Esposito, 2002). Ramadan is meantto stimulate reflection of believers on dependence of God, spiritual values and tariff to care for less fortunate. The fifth pillar is the Pilgrimage also known as Hajj to Mecca in Saudi Arabia and requires all able adult Muslims worldwide to visit the city at least once in their spirittime. It follows Ramadan and requires sacrifices of time, things and comforts hence making Muslims pilgrims in Gods service. there is also lesser pilgrimage called umrah that that involves visits to some separate holy sites during other periods of the year.There are other teachings of Islam practiced worldwide and are more(prenominal) shape or shape cultures in which they are applied. These include jihad that i s regarded as the sixth pillar and the Islamic law. Jihad is explained in Arabic as meaning to struggle or exhaust ones efforts to breathe in God though is interpreted to mean holy wars in some cultures (Pecorino, 2001). Within Islam, Jihad can be applied to lead virtuous life, charity works, preaching and fighting to defend Muslims. The Islamic law defines Islam as submission to God and hence Muslims have moral responsibility and observe Jihad in the path of God also known as Shariah. The law provides guideline for relations and interaction of believers with God as well as with amongst themselves (WGBH. 2014).Islamic law on regulation of social life include prescription of dressing codes, rituals in marriages, divorce, inheritances and behaviors that would connect all Muslims all over the world. These provisions are applied to change magnitudes over varied cultures. This has been influenced by interactions of people due to globalization and modern law incorporates incorporate c ultural practices (UTA, 2009). The requirement of Muslims to exercise moral responsibility in legal, semipolitical and economic practices is also shaped by cultural practices in several(a) geographic and historical contexts. Similarly, the Islamic laws influence social frameworks.There are varied practices of Islamic teachings as observed in low Islamic conviction is western nations assortediated to high levels in countries to the East. America and Great Britain regard Islam as strange religion compared to other religions and has expressed little support for values advocated by Muslims in national structures (PRC, 2012). However, Muslim converts are ripening in the two nations and followers observe the pillars of Islam andother teachings. Middle East, India, Pakistan and other Asian nations show strong support for Islam and have large Muslim populations that observe teachings of the religion. These countries have frameworks that reflect teachings of Islam, for instance, in thei r laws, political, economic activities and social practices such as behavior, marriages and support for the needy among their populations.Contrasting Islam from Christianity and JudaismThe teaching of the Islam indicated above compare or contrast with some in Judaism and Christianity. Some of the contrasts include the oneness of God that is inconsistent with Judaism and Christianity that also advocate for monotheism and believe in trinity God the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. God in Islam is not associated with other things that contrast with some Christians and Judaism followers that have some representation for God (Esposito, 2002). Muslims worship God through Muhammad who is Gods messenger and prophet contradictory in Christianity and Judaism that worship God through Jesus who is regarded the news of God. Muslim religion believes Muhammad was the last prophet send by God to human beings and shows acknowledgement of other divine figures send to Christianity and Judaism in the Qu ran whereas the latter do not acknowledge other religions, for instance, Muhammad send to Islam.There are several styles in Christianity and Judaism unlike in Islam that has single denomination practiced worldwide. The Muslim religion is allowable to polygamy in the marriage laws unlike followers of Christianity and Judaism who believe in pure monogamy. Muslim religion is more restrictive such as in dressing code particularly for the women that is not observed through the teachings of Christianity and Judaism. Muslims have fixed prayer and sobriety schedules that are not observed in the other among Christians and Judaism followers who set prayer and fasting events.Influence of Islam on Interactions of Muslims and Non-MuslimsThere are different understandings of Islam teachings that influence how Muslims and non-Muslims interact or communicate. Muslims belief of Jihad has been conceived among non-Muslims as allowable to wars that has been strongly linked to the increased terroris t activities all over the world (2002). In addition, the contributions raised in through Zakat are misunderstood as avenues for finance war activities rather than benefiting the less fortunate. This has sparked rivalry among people since Muslims are considered as threat to world peace. This has been witnessed in conflicts based on religious intent in some countries such as Nigeria. This rivalry would also be said of conflicts of America and nations with majority Muslims such as Afghanistan.This perspective has misconceived the film of Jihad and would be overcome through advocating for moral value of peace possible through tolerance of religious diversity by both sides. Islamic laws regulate behaviors, communications and modes of dressing that create disconnection with other practices in the world and this hinders interactions such as marriages and talks that include education. change practices related to religious faith does not allow free environment to interact and hence mol d integration. This would be minimized through raise understanding of practices for both sides since ignorance of values observed by different religions induces misconceptions that limit interactions.ConclusionMuslim religion has induced controversy among followers and non-followers in contemporary society especially when world peace is considered. This paper has discussed Muslim teachings practiced over the world in attempt to resolve the controversy. Muslim practices are embedded in pillars developed following the Quran. These pillars are Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, Hajj, Jihad and Shariah. Provisions of this pillars aim at worshipping one God and are carried out all over the world though are shaped or shape cultures.Western nations show little support of Islam in aspects of life when compared to nation to the East. Islam contrasts Christianity and Judaism through belief in oneness of God and Muhammad, acknowledging other religions in Quran, single denomination, allowed polygamy and more restrictive behavior and dress codes. diverse understandings of Islam by non-followers negatively impact interactions and communication with Muslims and this has led to religious conflicts.ReferencesEsposito, J. L. (2002). decade Things to Know About Islam. Teach Mideast.Retrieved 8 May 2014, from http//www.teachmideast.org/essays/35-religion/58-ten-things-to-know-about-islam Pecorino, P. A. (2001). Religions of the World Islam. Retrieved 8 May 2014, from http//www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialSciences/ppecorino/PHIL_of_RELIGION_TEXT/CHAPTER_2_RELIGIONS/Islam.htm PRC. (2012). The Worlds Muslims Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 8 May 2014, from http//www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-executive-summary/ UTA. (2009). Muslim Histories & Cultures. The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 8 May 2014, from http//sites.la.utexas.edu/mhc/tag/islam/ WGBH. (2014). Islamic belief, Law, and Practice. PBS Frontline. Retrieved 8 May 2014, fr om http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/muslims/themes/beliefs.html

How foragers and horticulturalists allocate land and labor Essay

Lets start with a basic question whose answer may shine as a surprise. What is last and when did it begin? Culture is the multi- contemporariesal hard-drive of memory, change, and innovation. Culture transforms a record of the past into a prediction of the future it transforms memory into custominto rules of how to proceed. And culture is profoundly fond. It exists non just in sensation mind, but binds together mobs of minds in a common enterprise. When did culture first be in this 13.7 billion-year-old universe?The answers are surprising. Most evolutionary experts say that benignant culture kicked off 45,000 to 35,000 days ago. Paleontologists studying pre-historic Europe c entirely this extent The Cultural Explosion. 45,000 to 35,000 years ago, men and women began to perforate, grind, polish, and drill bone, ivory, antler, shell and stone into harpoons, fish hooks, buttons, ornaments, sewing needles, and awls. Frosting the cake, humans invented musical instruments, calend ars marked on pieces of antler, and paintings on the walls of caves.Then in that respects the un-standard answer about cultures beginnings, a rebel timeline of human culture that a relatively rising pale anthropological school is fighting for. This new scientific nominal head has made its digs in Africa, not Europe, and has come up with radically different dates. Culture, says this upstart school, started approximately 280,000 years ago when humans invented the authorship industry, because followed that up with the invention of jewelry, beads, and trade. Culture is transmitted from one generation to generation and is learned mainly in childhood and during maturation. We learn not only our behavior but also our attitudes and values.The ability to acquire culture in this way makes humans highly adaptable to different heathenish environments. We has humans are born with potential to learn whatever association and skills are practices in are communities. When did another ingredie nt of culture social memory, a memory that gives a foundation of k instantlyledge, perception, and direction to an entire unionfirst arise?A firm answer is more problematical than you might think. Why? For the first 300,000 years after the Big Bang, the world was host to a massive social dance. Particle gangs moved at super speed, colliding with individually other like bullets smashing head to head, then bouncing away with ferocious velocity. Astonishingly, the particles involvedparticularly the protonscame out of each crash with all their mass and form intact. Was this act of identity-retention a primary form of memory? Was it tradition arisen before its time?The study examines termination of middle class of U.S. and highland Mayan parents regarding sleeping arrangements during the first two years the infants sleep with their mother up until there a toddler. But in the U.S. infants only sleep in the bed with their mother every now and then. This is how Mayan explains the clos eness of their infants. When we put infant in a room by themselves then this making them impendent to be able to sleep on there on. Mayan families use there bedtimes as a routines and objects to facilitate transition to sleep. Rites of passing game are a category of rituals that mark the passage of a mortal through the life cycle, from one stage to another over time, from one role or social position to another, integrating the human and pagan experiences with biological destiny birth, reproduction, and death.These ceremonies make the basic distinctions, observed in all groups, between young and old, male and female, living and dead. The interplay of biology and culture is at the heart of all rites of passage, and the struggle between these two spheres asserts the essential puzzle of our mortal heritage. As humans, we dwell in an equivocal world, for we belong to some(prenominal) nature and Reference pageCultural Anthropology (Bonvillain)Cultural Variation in Infants sleeping Ar rangementsDevelopment Psychology 1992 Vol 4 604-613

Religion: Meaning of Life and Karen Armstrong Essay

Religion should have an impact on every nonp argonils support. check to Karen Armstrong, without religion, community would non be able to discover their consume personalised reason of manners with a pure reason or purpose set by whatsoever guidelines. As a prove of obtaining a good foundation of faith in your religion, it bequeath not only positively affect your life on a personal level, hardly the community as a hale. If we look back at human antiquity, we commonly find that plenty of many different religions, traditions, and cultures had one main goal of finding the substance of peace and purity in their own selves.In the seventeenth century BCE, the Hindus created a book of philosophical texts c all(prenominal)ed the Upanishads, holding the main idea of finding ones reverend self, or atman. This sacred book led tranquility and serenity into the everyday have a go at its of many Hindus. According to Armstrong, the purpose of religion has been and always should be to help us live peace in full, creatively, and even joyously. Armstrong also state of matters that by engaging in religious practices and forms of life, race can live their lives on a higher(prenominal) prophesy knock off and thus discover their own true selves. Karen Armstrong believes that religion does help plenty to find beneficial centres in their lives and does allow bulk discover their inner(a) selves. Throughout the passage human beings Religiosus written by Karen Armstrong, there are many historical events coming from various cultural and religious backgrounds that contribute her judgement in which religion does and should play a crucial disassemble in everyones lives. However, not only does religion bring accord and principle in pluralitys lives, but religion also aids people in finding a legitimate meaning in their life and in the world.It helps to positively strengthen the relationship betwixt the people leading to the elimination of covetousness, hatred, and pride in communities. Like Confucius beliefs, the Buddhists had a state of peace of their own. Nirvana was the natural result of a life lived according to the doctrine of Buddhas anatta. Anatta required Buddhists to live as if though the self did not exist, which led to corruption fading away. It is utter, His (a monks) greed fades away, and formerly his cravings disappear, he experiences the rel quieten of the mind (Miller and Spellmeyer 37).This text states that when the people perceive about annata, their hearts were occupied with joy and they immediately experienced Nirvana. As a result, people were living between each other with love, care, and ease towards one another which led to a better life tendency overall. The far-famed Confucius practice well-disposed incur is also another display case of religion brining peaceful meanings in ones life. Confucius, the most famous religious picture in Chinese history, clarifies the meaning behind the Golden Rule. The Golden Rule states that an individual should treat another the same way he/she would wish to be treated by others.Confucius would later explain that the practice of the Golden Rule would bring people into a state of ren, which is a state of compassion and love. Although ren did bring peace and love between the people of Confucius, it is stated that it was so hard to entirely be in this state. It was stated that people had a hard time achieving a full state of ren. Nonetheless, people desired being in this pure state. Yan Hui, Confuciuss greatest student, state with a deep sigh, Yan Hui stated, The more I strain my gaze towards it, the higher it soars.The deeper I bore down into it, the harder it becomes. I see it in front, but suddenly it is behind. Step by step, the Master skillfully lures one on. He has broadened me with culture, restrained me with ritual. Even if I wanted to stop, I could not. Just when I felt that I have exhausted every resource, something seems to rise up, rest over me sharp and clear. Yet though I long to follow up on it, I can find no way of getting it all (Miller and Spellmeyer 38). This passage explains how hard people were trying to obtain this state.Religion as defined by the mentors of great countries give care India, China, and the Middle East was not something impossible, yet it was a realistic one. It was not about believing in a God or believing in a divine being. Religion was based on physical activities, disciplined work, and robust undertakings on a daily basis. Back then, religion had its real meaning of organizing ones life and basing ones life on religion. Sadly, religion has its own different inappropriate meaning nowadays.Which leads to my point of Karen Armstrong talking about how many people find the supposition of God and religion so troublesome simply because they have disordered sight of this important understanding. She also explains how for each separate religion, there is an ontological approach to understanding it. Many people have simply skillful given up on God because of self-corruption like greed, stubbornness, and impatience. In classic mythology, it is stated, No god can survive unless he or she is actualized by the practical activity of ritual, and people often turn against gods who fail to deliver.The rites and practices that that once made him a persuasive symbol of the sacred are no womb-to-tomb effective, and people have stopped participating in them. He has therefore become otiosus, an etiolated reality who for all intents and purposes has indeed died or gone away (Miller and Spellmeyer 31). If God does not comply the peoples needs, then they will turn against this god and he/she will no longer be effective. In the passage, it is also explains how religion requires a disciplined cultivation of a different mode of consciousness.This basically means that before you perform any religious task, you must pursue ekstasis, which literally means stepping out the average you are accu stomed to. Unfortunately, nowadays people are either to lazy or lost desire to seek any religious salvation simply because many things have taking over our world like media, entertainment, sports, music etc. They pursue other means to stand away the norm. It is like they almost feel free when they are listening to the emblem of music they desire, or play the type of sport they seek, or are entertained by media that they desire.Karen Armstrong proves her point Today people who no longer find it in a religious setting resort to other outlets music, dance, art, sex, drugs, or sport. We make a point of seeking out these experiences that stir us deep within and lift us momentarily beyond ourselves. At such times, we feel that we inhabit our humanity more fully than usual and experience an enhancement of being (Miller and Spellmeyer 27) In conclusion, Armstrong strongly anchors her belief of religion having a positive influential affect on peoples lives, helping them find a purpose in their life, and aiding them in discovering their true selves.She has her belief backed up by many famous religious icons from different backgrounds like Buddha, Confucius, and even Greek mythology. She explained how it helps organize peoples lives, better the relationship between two people and final stage but not least, it helps purify a persons whole entire life. Reassuringly, religion, does quite in fact, impacts the lives of many. Works Cited 1)Miller, Richard E. , and Kurt Spellmeyer. Homo Religiosus. The New liberal arts reader. quaternary ed. Boston, Massachusetts Lyn Uhl, 2009. 38. Print.2) Vinaya Texts, Part I (SBE 13) Mahavagga First Khandaka. Internet taboo Text Archive Home. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Sept. 2013. 3) Miller, Richard E. , and Kurt Spellmeyer. Homo Religiosus. The New humanities reader. 4th ed. Boston, Massachusetts Lyn Uhl, 2009. 37. Print. 4) Miller, Richard E. , and Kurt Spellmeyer. Homo Religiosus. The New humanities reader. 4th ed. Boston, Massac husetts Lyn Uhl, 2009. 27. Print. 5) Miller, Richard E. , and Kurt Spellmeyer. Homo Religiosus. The New humanities reader. 4th ed. Boston, Massachusetts Lyn Uhl, 2009. 31. Print.

The Philippine E-Grand Prix Complex

AbstractThe research and development of galvanizing locomotecar and instead operate cars are the next step in evolution of the railway cars since the primary root system of discharge for forthwiths cars are fogy fuels which is rapidly depleting and likewise damaging to the purlieu. In rate to take the next step in the cars evolution a research and development labyrinthian and test/ move track would be created to tackle the ch allenge of producing locomotive engineering science indispensabilityed in order to restore galvanic cars operable.Creating a hotfoot/test track and development complex in the heart of the city at the SM Central Business Park in Pasay that much everyplace caters to galvanic and alternate(a) fuelled or selectn cars and would manufacture the testing thou and home for car manufacturers, local universities or engineering/ engine room firms and enthusiasts schoolmaster and amateur creating and developing electrical and rather subm itn vehicles, to a fault comme il faut the venue for electionly bring forthn vehicle charge events in the future(a) exposing the public to the technology. In terminus creating the development complex for electric and alternating(a)ly driven vehicles would develop and research to make alternative and electric driven vehicles and alternative and eventual substitution of dodo fuel vehicles.Chapter 1IntroductionIn right aways world the main make water of transportation of getting from i place to another are cars or automobiles be it in the form of busses, cars, trucks or etc. they have become a necessary bit of the world cars deliver our diet and products, gets people to their work and where they need to be, enabled communities to come up in size and enabled people to live farther and stumble yearner distances. The invention of the automobile enabled communities to live farther away from where they work, to produce food and products away from the cities and be distrib uted to unalike places and enabled the major(ip)ity of the population to travel pertinacious distances in relative safety.Thefirst appearances of the automobile began in 1976 with the creation of steamer engine automobiles that were capable transporting people, in 1807 the first cars were equipped with intra host conflagration out engines that run on fuel accelerator pedal which became the model pulmonary tuberculosisd to drive modern automobiles, simultaneously electric automobiles were withal beingness developed and became slightly best-selling(predicate), but with problems and lack of development of battery technology at the fourth dimension which were small(a) and very limited ambit, weight of the batteries and the problem of charging.With the inherent burning at the stake engine not having any of these problems since it run on fuel gas which was easy to transport and distribute, do refueling relatively easy and had enormous range, the internal fire engine au tomobile became the standard quality of vehicle and eventually led to the disappearance of electric vehicles until recently. (Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson, 2010) The birth of the first genuine modern automobile appeared in the year 1886 with the Benz-Patent-Motorwagen created by German armorer Karl Benz which practiced a gasoline major powered engine and was able to travel long distances that showed the viability of cars.With the invention of the first modern automobile it proved that horseless carriages or automobiles were worthy and replacement of horses as the main form of transportation (citation), as technology improved so did automobiles leading to efficient, powerful, versatile, safe and fast cars of today but the same basic concept of the first modern automobiles are still used in todays cars with the use of an internal combustion engine fuelled by gasoline to power the vehicle. (Steven Parissien, 2013)At the beginning of the twenty-first Century, arouse in e lectrical and other alternative fuel vehicles has change magnitude imputable to growing concern over the problems associated with hydrocarbon fueled vehicles, including damage to the milieu caused by their emissions, and the sustainability of the up-to-date fossil fuel transportation infrastructure.With the renewed interest in electric and other alternative fuel vehicles in the nineties well-nigh companies began manufacturing and selling electric cars in the early 90s although there were still few models and payoff limited it sparked the revival of the electric vehicle (EV) and with the continue advancement of technology, electric cars are g slipstreamful more widespread and viable today 2010s with companies like Tesla exclusively selling electric cars and mainstream manufacturers Toyota, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Honda,Chevrolet, Citroen and Nissan fully electric production cars. (Gijs Mom, 2013)As automobiles became more successful and widespread it quickly became a break-dan ce of modern life, with pioneers organizing automobile persists during the late 1800s and early 1900s to advertise and showcase the capabilities of automobiles and were promotional material stunts that showcased that cars were safe, easy and convenient in comparison to horses and reliable. Most of the works at the clip were mostly shows, although some were actual races held between drivers and their cars.The races were held over long distances and lasted hours and some that took days to complete with distances of over 1000 kilometers with races starting from one city ending in another. In the 1930s to 1950s as cars became more popular and widespread with many companies starting to manufacture them, cars therefore started to become faster and faster with the high-end and expensive cars being turned into purpose build cars for speed and racing which then became the first race cars which competed in races, desperate prixs, rallies and other forms of racing.( David Hassan,2013) A fter the guerilla terra firma War with many unoccupied and unused airfields and empty fields in Europe, enthusiasts and drivers started adapting and using them as race tracks which became the basis of modern repulse racing and gave it an audience with the public.Auto racing then evolved and branched into different kinds of racing which spawn different types of race cars and with take racing starting to appear in different countries all over the world with the establishment of different racing series, championships and federations, with different levels of ridesport ranging from amateur to professional, and became accomplished as modern day motor racing. (Rmi Paolozzi, 2003) Today major motorsport events are handled and governed by the Fdration Internationale de l machine (FIA) besides cognise as the International Automobile Federation, they represent the interest of travel organizations and motor car users most the world.They handle auto racing events and classes, (e.g. F ormula 1 and World Rally Championship) they create the rules and patterns for different classes of auto racing throughout the world and acts as its governing body through the local motoring associations and organizations of the country. (Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak, 2007) Formula-E or officially FIA Formula E Championship is a class of auto racing, sanctioned by the Fdration Internationale de lAutomobile (FIA).The formula, designated inthe name, refers to a redact of rules with which all participants cars must comply. Formula E is intended to be the highest class of contention for one-make, single-seat, electrically-powered racing cars. The series was conceived in 2012, with the inaugural championship to be held from September 2014 June 15 across 10 cities (Beijing, Putrajaya, Rio de Janeiro, Punta Del Este, Buenos Aires, Los Angeles, Miami, Monte Carlo, Berlin and capital of the United Kingdom) around the world.Background and Nature BackgroundMotor racing in the Philippines first started during the 1960s with racing events like the Manila megabyte Prix Philippines mebibyte Prix a street term of enlistment located around Greenhills during 1973-1976 and the Great Gedol Grand Philippine Rally using cars that started out as production cars and were to a great extent modified into race cars and lasted through the 1970s during the time of the Marcos Regime these were considered the booming Age of Philippines Motorsports where Philippine racing drivers and teams competed locally and internationally some becoming champions. Philippine motors racing today is still mobile with many firm events, racing series and championships from karting to touring cars from amateur to professional levels, accompanied by an active car and motoring culture. Motorsport tracks in the PhilippinesBatangas belt along Circuit road racing circuit, holds international events Subic International Raceway road racing circuit Carmona Racing Circuit karting circ uit, motorbike circuit Clark International Speedway road racing circuit Nature galvanizing and alternate(a) Drive Racing motorsport for race cars, production cars, prototypes, spec and formula cars that are instead powered vehicles, cars that dont use the standard and conventional internal combustion engine and fossil fuel. Alternative drive vehicles hybrid, electric, alternative fuel and fuel kiosk drive race cars and prototypes separated into different classes and spec, series and formula. A high tech motorsport featuring current and next generation self-propelled technology and used as a private-enterprise(a) testing ground to showcase, develop and pioneer alternative and future self-propelling technologies.Statement of the ProblemAs the deterioration of the environment due to greenhouse gasses worsens, fuck man made greenhouses gasses be reduced or slowed down by using alternatively driven vehicles? By developing and using alternatively driven vehicles how significant w ould it be at lowering man made greenhouse gasses in comparison with the handed-down internal combustion engines. In order to develop these kinds of technologies in automobiles, auto racing has been an essential competitive proving and testing ground for pioneering, introducing and developing automotive technologies.Which leads to would alternatively drive vehicles be a viable replacement or alternative for conventional motorsport? shadower alternative drive vehicles be as exciting, authentic and high-tech as conventional motor racing and would technologies developed and used in these races and race cars be transferrable or relevant to the next generation or type of production cars.Project Objectives1. To study conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars. To distinguish and list the differences between conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars and to be used as a base to compare its respective strengths and weaknesses. 2. To study the differen t types of motorsport around the world which use electric or alternative drive race cars. To create a basis of information and data in order to create an electric or alternative drive motorsport that can be adapted and used in the Philippine setting. 3. To study the viability and feasibility of electric and alternative drive motorsport in the Philippines.To capture if an electric and alternative drive racing series and track would be a viable motorsport in the Philippines. To study what it would take to create a successful electric and alternative drive racing series. 4. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable and neighborly for a racing and development track for alternatively driven vehicles. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable for motorsport that would be accessible to international and local competitions and developers and be accessible to the local motorsport culture and the convening public.Keywords1. Electric vehicle electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or grasp motors for propulsion. Three main types of electric vehicles exist, those that are directly powered from an remote power station, those that are powered by stored electrical energy originally from an international power source, and those that are powered by an on-board electrical generator (hybrid electric vehicles), such as an internal combustion engine or a hydrogen fuel cell EV.2. Alternative Drive Vehicle a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than conventional fossil fuel (gasoline or diesel) and also refers to any technology of powering an engine that does not involve solely petroleum (electric car, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicle, solar powered).3. Motorsports group of competitive sports which primarily involve the use of equip vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition.4. Auto racing/ Motor racing group of competitive sports involving the racing of automobiles for competition.5. Race traverse a facility for racing of vehicles, which include spectator facilities such as grandstands, hos meetality, facilities for competitors, such as pit lanes and garages.6. Automotive engineering technologies found and used and developed in automobiles. more of these technologies also have other applications. Significance of the ProblemTo see if there would be interest in electric and alternatively driven vehicles from enthusiasts and the general public. To see the economic difference of alternatively driven race cars from standard race cars based on fuel, parts, maintenance and running live. To see if electric and alternatively driven vehicles would be a legitimate motorsport.Project Scope and LimitationsScope Racing Track/Circuit Complex Development and Testing Facilities Limitations Pioneering research in the Philippines. fewer resources and Local Case Studies. Local Tracks are far and few. Few electric cars in the Philippines. Elec tric cars are not popular and in widespread use locally.Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 1. Fifty Cars that Changed the World Conran Octupus capital of the United Kingdom 2009 ISBN 9781840915365 pg. 100The throw showcases the 50 most influential cars of the automotive sedulousness to date. The Toyota Prius was released in 1997 which showed the commitment of a major manufacturer in alternative fuel technology. The Toyota Prius is a Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (HEV) a car that has a normal internal combustion (IC) engine which is partnered with an electric motor and batteries which power the car the at low speeds and at higher speeds using the IC engine which charges the battery of the electric motor producing high fuel and power qualification which saves fuel. The Toyota Prius paved the way for the popularity and resurgence of electric and hybrid cars in popular culture today.2. Modern Car Technology Jeff Daniels Haynes Publishing CA 2001 ISBN 9781859608111 Chapter 8, pg. 82-89C hapter 8 discusses the workings and mechanism of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and enkindle Cell Vehicles and also other green alternatives such as Bio-Diesel, Ethanol and LPG.3. Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Jack Erjavec, Jeff Arias Delmar Publishers Inc. NY ISBN 9781401881055Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles explains the basic and automatonlike rationales of the Hybrid (HEV), Battery Electric (BEV) and Fuel Cell (FCV) vehicles. It shows the basics of apiece type of vehicle their mechanics and technologies and goes into more advanced and complex mechanics, principles and technologies of distributively type of alternative vehicle. It also distinguishes each type of vehicles advantages and disadvantages and differences over the traditional ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles and other alternative vehicles.4. Bio Ethanol Production, Benefits and Economics Jason B. Earbum Nova scholarship Publishers Inc. NY 2009 ISBN 9781607406975 Chapter 9 pg.151-152, Chapter 1 0 pg.165-167, Chapter 11 pg.173-178Chapter 9 shows the widespread and worldwide use of Ethanol (E10) in normal vehicles which is 80% unleaded fuel entangled with Ethanol. In Chapter 10 discusses Bio-Diesel which is used as a diesel analog or be used as a complete replacement for diesel in diesel powered vehicles and Ethanol as an one-dimensional or as fuel on flexible fuel vehicles and its history. In Chapter 11 it discusses Fuel consumption of normal fuel and bio fuels worldwide, the cost and benefits of biofuels, how bio fuels propel air eccentric and climate change.5. Fuel Cell Engines Matthew M. Mench conjuration Wiley & Sons Inc. NJ 2008 ISBN 978047168958 Chapter 1 pg.1-24Chapter 1 discusses the uses of fuel cell technology (a device that creates electricity through chemical reactions with a fuel), the classes of fuel cells, potential uses from portable devices, unmoving devices or power plants and in transportation as fuel cell vehicles and finally the history of fuel cell development.6. Biofuels for Transport Global potential and Implications for Sustainable Energy and Agriculture World Watch Institute Earthscan London 207 Chapter 1 pg. 3-9, Chapter 15 pg.250-262, Part 8 pg.329-344Chapter 1 discusses the current spot of biofuels and its industry and go alongs an overview of what biofuel is (Bio Diesel, Ethanol). Chapter 15 shows the different types biofuel vehicles Bio-diesel which can be used in normal diesel vehicles or as an additive and ethanol which is added in E10 fuels used normal cars and fully ethanol driven cars. Part 8 shows country studies of bio fuels from China, India, Tanzania, Brazil and Germany.7. Fossil Fuels and Pollution The Future of Air Quality Jackie Kerr Casper, Ph.D. Facts on File Inc. NY 2010 ISBN 978081672651 Chapter 1 pg. 1-25, Chapter 2 pg. 26-62, Chapter 5 pg. 111-114, Chapter 9 pg. 197-209Chapter 1 gives an overview of fossil fuel and its history, Chapter 2 discusses the effects of fossil fuels its potentials an d how it can scratch the health of people. Chapter 5 discusses fuel economy and the rate of global use of fossil fuels. Chapter 9 shows alternative vehicles to ICE vehicles Hybrid, Electric, Flexible Fuel, Plug-in, Air supply and Fuel Cell vehicles and future developments and technologies of vehicles.8. Alternative Fuels The Future of Hydrogen Second Edition Michael Frank Hordeski The Fairmont Press Inc. / Taylor & Francis Ltd. GA 2008 ISBN 9781420080162 Chapter 3 pg. 67-100, Chapter 4 pg. 101-124Chapter 3 gives the history of cars from its inception and the accompanying history of fuels used by cars. Chapter 4 takes a more in-depth look at the fuel development of vehicles up to the present and also the alternative fuels and technologies and how hydrogen used in fuel cells can power and be used in vehicles of the future.9. Vehicle Powertrain Systems Behrooz Mashadi, David Crolla John Wiley & Sons West Sussex, UK 2012 ISBN 9780470666029 Chapter 7 pg. 425-474Gives an in-depth look a t vehicle powertrain systems (the system that make the car move) gives an introduction to Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) its parts internal combustion engine, electric motor and batteries and the different types of HEVs Series and Parallel.10. Fundamentals of Automotive Technology Kirk T. Van Gelder Jones & Barett Learning MA 2014 ISBN 9781449624118A manual and in-depth guide automotive technology and systems, and an in-depth guide to alternative fuels and drive systems used in todays cars Biofuel vehicles and the different types Ethanol, Bio Diesel, Methanol, Bio Bubetanol, Fuel Cell vehicles with only hydrogen fuel cells being viable and used, Battery Electric Vehicles that only use electricity and need to be charged and Hybrid Drives which use an ICE and an Electric motor and batteries and different types Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel.11. Electric Vehicles Technology, Policy and Commercial Development Serra, Jao Vitor Fernandes Earthscan London 2011 ISBN 9781849714150The b ook gives a brief history as to why the internal combustion engines are used in vehicles. How electric vehicles work and the technologies, principle and mechanics used and a history of electric vehicle development. The cost effectiveness of electric vehicles versus traditional internal combustion engines and the alternative vehicles. And lastly discusses the policies for electric vehicles in order to push them to be used.12. Hybrid & Alternative Fuel Vehicles James D. Halderman, Tony Martin Pearson NJ 2011 ISBN 9780135103845An in-depth manual and undecomposed guide for current Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles in which the book shows the concepts and mechanics of different types of vehicles and shows different examples actual and current hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles and an in-depth and expert look at their systems and technologies.13. Automotive Engineering Powertrain, Chassis System and Vehicle Body 1st Edition David A. Crolla Butterworth-Heinemann Oxford, UK 2009 ISBN 9781856175777 Chapter 6 pg. 141-172 Chapter 7 pg. 175-202Chapter 6 discusses the mechanics and principles of electric vehicles on how they work and the technologies used for them to work. Chapter 7 shows theconcept and principles in order for Fuel cell vehicles to work, the technologies and mechanics in the workings of these type of vehicles and explains the technology behind it.14. The Electric Vehicle Technology and Expectations in the Automobile Age Gijs Mom JHU Press 2013 ISBN 9781421412689The book provides a complete and dilate history of the electric car from the replacement of horses and rise of the automobile. The book in detail discusses the progress of the automobile from the horseless carriage to present day, but focuses on the electric cars, which were actually used before internal combustion engines on cars.It discusses the early shortcomings of the electric car from the short battery life and range which made the ICE vehicle the preferred choice early in the cars deve lopment, to misconceptions about electric cars that led it to be forgotten in automotive technology until recently when it has been rediscovered as an alternative to fossil fueled vehicles due to depleting fuel resources and environmental issues.15. Electric and Hybrid Cars A report Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson McFarland, 2010 ISBN 9780786457427The book discusses Electric and Hybrid Cars from a brief introduction of the birth of the automobile industry and the evolution of the electric car from its earliest iterations to it resurgence today. It also discusses the politics that happened in the history of the electric car because it was a competitor to gas powered cars and answered why the electric car suddenly disappeared. It also discusses the technological advancements that made the electric car possible and the marketing of these types of cars today. 16. The History of Motor Sport A Case Study Analysis (Sport in the Global Society Historical perspectives) David HassanRo utledge, 2013 ISBN 9780415851213 Chapter 2Gives the history of the beginnings of motor racing that started in France and the pioneers in Belgium, it also tells on how automobile racing expanded throughout Europe.17. The Regulation of Sport in the European Union Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007 ISBN 9781847208569 pgs. 74-96Explains what the Fdration Internationale de lAutomobile (FIA) is and its power as the governing body of all forms of motorsports using four or more wheels. It focused on its regulation on Formula 1 auto racing and the extent of power and abuses the FIA had on the auto racing being able to force out competing other motorsports not sanctioned by the FIA.18. McKinsey Quarterly, February 2011 The fast lane to the word sense of electric cars Russell Hensley, Strefan M. Knupfer and Axel KriegerThe article is about electric cars and its adoption in banging metropolitan cities Shanghai, Paris and innovative York in these s tudy. In the article it states that to the buyers and users of electric cars in metropolitan cities the things that are important are the cars being a status symbol especially in Shanghai and New York, the benefits to the environment and the savings from using electricity.Another point of the article was the preferences of electric vehicles of the three cities in where in Shanghai they preferred PHEVs in which were able to use a normal engine after running out of gas, BEVs in New York and Paris which were pure Electric vehicles which relied on batteries and charging. Lastly the article analyze that incentives thatattracted buyers were not monetary but low cost incentives what they were attracted to, and that the future of muckle producing EVs relied on fixed routes delivery vehicles in metropolitan cities making the throw away EVs.19. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Volume 3 Towards All-Electric FSAE Race Cars S. Watkins, G. Pearson, M. King ISBN 978988192515 2 ISSN 20780966(Online)FSAE is a global student based competition with over 200 universities involved, it is a competition where student-teams create a small scale racing car following a strict set of rules limiting the students and make them more reliant on their ingenuity and creativeness in order to get more performance from their vehicles. With the changing automotive market with new and technologies especially electric and alternative fuel vehicles creating a sub-racing series that would create all-electric FSAE cars would help students and engineers.20. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010 DOI 10.1021/es100520c Environmental Implication of Electric Vehicles in China Hong Huo, Qiang Zhang, Michael Q. Wang, David G. Streets and Kebin HeThe article is about the study of the environmental tax deduction of electric vehicles as a replacement for the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle. The study compared the carbonic acid gas level of traditional ICE vehicles and the CO2 levels from the additional CO2 production of power plants which use coal for the charging of electric vehicles (which in theses study replaced ICE vehicles) and found electric vehicles did not give much benefit in reducing CO2 production. In conclusion to their study they found that electric vehicles were a great solution to fossil oil shortage but failed to address the environmental issue.

Foreign Direct Investment: Starbucks Case Essay

RequirementsThe case should trade solely the questions provided plus any additional come out of the closets the group members feel argon pertinent to the case and accept a comprehensive update on the alliances situation since the time of the case. The case should be written up and presented in case format scenario, problem to be lick or decision to be made, alternatives with the pros and cons of all(prenominal) and finally the recommendation with the ensuant rationale.Foreign Direct Investment Starbucks CaseBackgroundGeneral cardinal years ago Starbucks was a single store in Seattles Pike Place Market moveing premium roasted burnt umber. straightaway it is a spherical roaster and seller of drinking chocolate with everyplace 7,000 stores in U.S. and right(prenominal) U.S. Starbucks Co. set out on its current course in the mid-eighties when the companys director of marketing came back from a charge to Italy enchanted with the Italian coffeehouse experience. Schultz persuaded the companys owner to experimentation with the coffeehouse format-and the Starbucks experience was born. The basic dodging was to sell the companys own premium roasted coffee, along with freshly brewed espresso-style coffee beverages, a variety of pastries, coffee accessories, teas, and other crossways, in a tastefully knowing coffeehouse setting.The company overly stressed providing superior customer service. think that motivated employees provide the best customer service, Starbucks executives devoted a circumstances of attention to employee hiring and training programs and progressive compensation policies that gave even part-time employees germinate option grants and medical benefits. The formula met with spectacular success in the linked States, where Starbucks went from obscurity to unrivaled of the best known trade names in the country in a decade. ( hummock, 2003)The keep companys physical object is to establish Starbucks as the approximately recogn ized and delight ined distinguish in the world. Starbucks purchases and roasts high-qualitywhole noggin coffees and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian style espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and coffee- colligate accessories and equipment primarily finished its company- becomed retail stores. In addition to gross sales through our company-operated retail stores, Starbucks sells whole bean coffees through a specialty sales group and supermarkets. Additionally, Starbucks produces and sells bottled Frappuccino coffee fox and a line of premium ice creams through its joint venture partnerships and offers a line of innovative premium teas produced by its wholly possess subsidiary, Tazo Tea Company.The Company divides its operation into two portions, United States and internationalistic, distributively of which include Company-operated retail stores and Specialty Operations.1.Company-operated Retail StoresThe Companys retail polish is to become the leading retailer and brand of coffee in each of its target markets by selling the finest quality coffee and related products and by providing superior customer service, thereby building a high gradation of customer loyalty. Starbucks scheme for expanding its retail credit line is to increase its market assign in existing markets primarily by opening additional stores and to open stores in new markets where the opport unit of measurementy exists to become the leading specialty coffee retailer.All Starbucks stores offer a choice of regular and decaffeinated coffee beverages, a considerable pickaxe of Italian-style espresso beverages, cold blended beverages, iced shaken refreshment beverages and a selection of teas and distinctively packaged roasted whole bean coffees. Starbucks stores besides offer a selection of fresh pastries and other food items, sodas, juices, coffee-making equipment and accessories, a selection of compact discs, games and seasonal novelty item s. Each Starbucks store varies its product mix depending upon the size of the store and its location.Larger stores carry a broad selection of the Companys whole bean coffees in unlike sizes and types of packaging, as well as an assortment of coffee and espresso-making equipment and accessories such as coffee grinders, coffeemakers, coffeefilters, storage containers, conk tumblers and mugs. Smaller Starbucks stores and kiosks typically sell a full line of coffee beverages, a limited selection of whole bean coffees and a few accessories such as travel tumblers and logo mugs. Approximately 1,200 stores carry a selection of grab and go sandwiches and salads. During m unitytary 2003, the Companys retail sales mix by product type was comprised of approximately 78% beverages, 12% food items, 5% whole bean coffees and 5% coffee-making equipment and accessories.2.Specialty OperationsStarbucks Specialty Operations sieve to develop the Starbucks brand outside the Company-operated retail st ore environment through a number of channels. Starbucks strategy is to reach customers where they work, travel, shop and dine by establishing relationships with prominent third parties that sh atomic number 18 the Companys values and trueness to quality. These relationships take various forms including licensing arrangements, foodservice accounts and other initiatives related to the Companys sum of money occupancyes. In genuine situations, Starbucks has an equity ownership inte comfort in licensee trading trading operations. During fiscal 2003, specialty revenues (which include royalties and fees from licensees as well as product sales derived from Specialty Operations) accounted for approximately 15% of full(a) net revenues.Go internationalisticThe US coffee-bar market may be reaching saturation. Further, Starbucks store origination is also maturing, leading to a slowdown in the upraiseth of unit volume and firm profitability. In response, Starbucks has turned its attent ion to contradictory markets for go along growth.ObjectiveStarbucks mission for international development is to be a global company, making a difference in peoples lives by leveraging our brand and the coffee experience to foster human connections. The Starbucks Experience is about lovingness for a quality product, excellent customer service, and people.The Companys objective is to establish Starbucks as the or so recognized and respected brand in the world. To achieve this goal, the company plans to continue rapid expansion of its retail operations, to grow its Specialty Operations and to selectively pursue other opportunities to leverage the Starbucks brand through the introduction of new products and the development of new channels of distribution.In doing global business, Starbucks greatly consider topical anesthetic culture as mentioned by Howard Schultz that Starbucks remain highly respectful of the culture and traditions of the countries in which we do business. Starbucks also recognizes that its success is not an entitlement, and Starbucks must continue to earn the trust and respect of customers every day.Entry ModeIn 1995, the firm established a subsidiary called Starbucks Coffee International Inc. This group is responsible for all Starbucks business development outside North America, including developing new businesses, financing and mean stores, managing operations and logistics, merchandising, and training and developing Starbucks international managers.Starbucks first non-North American store was opened in 1996 in Tokyo. Starbucks initially used licensing agreement for its global strategy. Because Starbucks wanted to take in business strategy in japan market, it changed the strategy by establishing joint venture with a local retailer, Sazaby, Inc. Then, Starbucks licensed its business format to the joint venture company.After entering into the Japanese market, Starbucks increase the pace of international expansion significantly. In 1998, Sta rbucks acquired Seattle Coffee Company in the United Kingdom, a set up with more than than 60 retail locations. That alike(p) year, it opened stores in Taiwan, Thailand, New Zealand, and Malaysia. In 1999, Starbucks opened in mainland China (Beijing), Kuwait,South Korea, and Lebanon. In 2000, it entered another seven markets (China Hong Kong and Shanghai, Dubai, Australia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain). It added three markets in 2001 (Switzerland, Israel, and Austria). In 2002, another nine markets were opened (Oman, Spain, Indonesia, Germany, Southern China Macau and Shenzhen, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Greece).In Asia, the most common strategy used by Starbucks was under licensing agreement. merely due to similar reason such as in Japan, Starbucks born-again licensing format to joint venture or wholly owned subsidiaries. Thailand, for example, Starbucks acquired its licensee wheeler dealer to gain control over the expansion strategy in Thailand. In South Korea, Starbucks chose to use joint venture.However, Starbucks development strategy adapts to unlike markets addressing local needs and choosements. They currently use three business strategiesJoint venturesLicensesCompany-owned operationsAs of At fiscal year end 2003, the Company had a total of 1,257 licensed retail stores in 28 countries managed by the Companys international divisions and located as followsAsia-Pacific (9 countries) 968Europe/Middle eastward/Africa (13 countries) 176Americas (6 countries) 113Total1.257ResultsStarbucks is well on its way to becoming a global brand. agree to Business Week The Starbucks name and image connect with gazillions of consumers around the globe. It was one of the fastest-growing brands in a Business Week survey of the top deoxycytidine monophosphate global brands published August 5 2002. But becoming a global company is not without risks. Global expansion poses huge risks for Starbucks. For one thing, it makes less money on each overseas store because most of them atomic number 18 operated with local partners. While that makes it easier to start up on foreign turf, it reduces the companys share of the profits to only 20% to 50%.The Companys financial performance is highly dependent upon the retail operations of the United States operate segment. The Companys International in operation(p) segment (excluding Canada) is not currently profitable, and its international stores and licensees may not be successful in their operations or in achieving expected growth. roughlywhat factors critical to the success of the Companys international stores and licensees are different than those affecting the United States stores and licensees. The economies of a number of the international markets in which Starbucks and its licensees operate have been weak in recent years. Tastes naturally vary by region, and consumers in the new international markets into which Starbucks and its licensees expand may not mash products and services to the sam e extent as consumers in the Companys existing United States markets.Occupancy costs and store operating expenses are sometimes high internationally than in the United States due to higher rents for prime, inner-city store locations or due to local laws that make it more expensive to retain or terminate employees. The Companys International operations are also subject to the inherent risks of foreign currency fluctuations and changes in economic, social and political conditions. Because the Companys International operations are in an early phase of development and have country-specific regulatory requirements, they require a more comprehensive field organization, compared to the United States, to provide resources and react to the business needs in each region.Though international total net revenues increase by $142.4 million, or 30.9%, to International specialty revenues change magnitude $26.1 million, or 28.1%, to $119.1million in fiscal 2003, excluding Canadian operations, ope rating losses increased by 11.1% to $18.5 million in fiscal 2003, compared to an operating loss of $16.7 million in fiscal 2002.RecommendationsAlternativeStarbucks can simply choose licensing for all international expansion. This method will reduce disaster that company latch ons operating loss from business partners. By licensing its format, Starbucks gain license fees and royalty from licensee. other benefit is that license agreement requires relatively low initial investiture for company. This will greatly improve company cash flow.However, behind the some benefits, licensing also has disadvantages. Company can not hope stringent control over licensee for business strategy or marketing. For company like Starbucks which has warring business passion, license agreement doesnt provide sufficient exemption to develop potential market. Another reason is that company know-how need to be delivered. Starbucks has competitive advantage in valuable management knowledge related to bran ding and operations of retail coffee stores. The other reason is that licensing opens possibility for potential foreign companys competitors to learn about companys know-how.RecommendationsThough Starbucks triumphed in North American, the other international segment hasnt significantly contributed to Starbucks income yet. This was partially contributed by Internationals symmetric share of net losses in Starbucks Japan reporting an annual net loss of $3.87 million.Japan market is a good example. With 486 stores, it is at large(p) to find Starbuckslogo in Japan, the site of its biggest expansion outside the US. The issue worrying investors is over saturation. Starbucks are vying for too few customers in Japan where also has so many coffee shops.Starbucks should consider about its strategy for international market. In U.S. and Canada market, the strategy to blanket an area completely, even if the stores take one anothers business, might be applicable. But for each international mar ket, which has unique regional and community acceptance, the strategy shouldnt be so aggressive. Furthermore, Starbucks should address local taste in every region. For example, in Asia country such in Japan and China, people have more long experience to drink tea rather than coffee. Therefore, demands on coffee beverages in those regions are different from market in North America.Starbucks should also setup a standardized methodology to select markets for entry or further expansion. In addition, Starbucks should investigate further to identify which investment come is the best in the intended market because the market environment is changing. A certain investment approach maybe is not suitable for a market anymore. By joint venture as an investment approach, Starbucks has tight control over business strategy in a certain country. In other hand, the consequence of joint venture approach is that Starbucks has to absorb proportionately when the joint venture company suffers loss.Updat eStarbucks enter France wizard of the traditional of French cafe life the small, china cup of strong, coloured coffee is under assault from a giant of American heathenish globalization. Frances first Starbucks coffeehouse opened on January, 2004, giving Parisians a smoke-free but generally more expensive (An espresso at a counter of a French cafe typically sets you back $1.25, bandage a shot of coffee costs $2 at Starbucks and a medium caramel frappuccino, for example, goes for $5.62.). Starbucks offers a new caf atmosphere which will get acrossaway a centuries-old addiction to espresso coffee and croissants in a stertorous cafe spiced with the smoke of Gauloise. In the worlds cafe capital, the Seattle-based chain has much the same feel as anywhere else there are comfortable sofas, and the soundtrack is jazz music and frappuccinos in the blender.However, with an increasing number of youngish French people living and traveling abroad, the company hopes its concept of bright, hail-fellow coffee bars will find a warm delightful among those who dislike grumpy barmen and cigarette smoke. Starbucks is confident that a younger extension holds the key to financial success, but the figures show that even they havent completely abandoned the idea of corner cafes. Only 15 share of clients to French coffee bars have their coffee to take away. The rest prefer to take a seat and drink it there.ReferenceStarbucks website. www.starbucks.comCharles W. L. Hill. International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 4th Edition. New York McGraw Hill/Irwin, 2003Starbucks Corporation Competing in a Global Market. UW Business School. April 7, 2003Starbucks 10-K Report. indorsement Fillings. September 28, 2003.Planet Starbucks. Business Week. September 9, 2002. p.102Trouble brewing for Starbucks in Japan. Bloomberg. June 11 2003. http//www.theage.com.auIan Messer.Japans coffee shops spill over. Bloomberg News. May 21, 2003Caroline Wyatt. Starbucks invades Parisian cafe culture. January 15, 2004.http//news.bbc.co.uk.